A Grammar of Karo Batak


Book Description




A Grammar of Toba-Batak


Book Description




A Grammar of Toba Batak


Book Description




Approaches to Grammaticalization


Book Description

The study of grammaticalization raises a number of fundamental theoretical issues pertaining to the relation of langue and parole, creativity and automatic coding, synchrony and diachrony, categoriality and continua, typological characteristics and language-specific forms, etc., and therefore challenges some of the basic tenets of twentieth century linguistics.This two-volume work presents a number of diverse theoretical viewpoints on grammaticalization and gives insights into the genesis, development, and organization of grammatical categories in a number of language world-wide, with particular attention to morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic issues. The papers in Volume I are divided into two sections, the first concerned with general method, and the second with issues of directionality. Those in Volume II are divided into five sections: verbal structure, argument structure, subordination, modality, and multiple paths of grammaticalization.




Comparative Degree of Adjectives: Patterns of the Suffix -an in Toba Batak


Book Description

The suffix-an is used in Toba Batak to construct the comparative degree of adjectives in many of the complex patterns explored in the book Comparative Degree of Adjectives: Patterns of the Suffix -an in Toba Batak. Conducting an in-depth study, the author examines a series of examples of this usage in Toba Batak, providing readers with a solid understanding of how Toba Batak conveys comparisons between different objects in quality or intensity. The book is a useful tool for those who want to learn more about the grammar and semantics of Toba Batakin its cultural and linguistic context, in addition to providing a clear summary of the structure and the model of the language. The contents of this book include several elements, namely: Chapter 1 Opening Remarks Chapter 2 Literature Overview Chapter 3 Patterns of the Suffix-an in Toba Batak Denoting Comparative Degree Chapter 4 Closing Remarks The patterns of the suffix -an in Toba Batak provide comprehensive explorations of the linguistic nuances of the Toba Batak, especially focusing on forming the comparative degree of adjectives through the use of the suffix -an. This book provides unique insight into the cultural and linguistic nuances of Toba Batak's dynamic language, while also enhancing our understanding of grammar and semantics through extensive analysis, various examples, and models.




Comparative Degree of Adjectives: Patterns of the Infix -um- in Toba Batak


Book Description

The infix -um- is used in Toba Batak to build comparative degree of adjectives in a variety of intricate patterns that are explored in the book “Comparative Degree of Adjectives: The Patterns of the Infix -um- in Toba Batak”. By conducting extensive study, the author examines a range of instances of this usage in Toba Batak phrases, offering readers a solid grasp of how the language conveys comparisons between different objects concerning quality or intensity. The book is a useful tool for individuals who want to learn more about the grammar and semantics of Toba Batak in the context of its culture and language, in addition to providing a clear summary of the language’s structure and patterns. The contents of this book consist of several components, namely: Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Review of Literature Chapter 3 The Patterns of the Infix -um- in Toba Batak Denoting Comparative Degree Chapter 4 Implementations of Innovations “Comparative Degree of Adjectives: The Patterns of the Infix -um- in Toba Batak” offers a comprehensive exploration of the linguistic nuances within the Toba Batak language, particularly focusing on the formation of comparative degrees of adjectives through the use of the infix -um-. This book offers unique insights into the cultural and linguistic nuances of the dynamic language of Toba Batak, while also enhancing our understanding of grammar and semantics via the analysis of a variety of examples and patterns.




Ken Hale


Book Description

The essays in this collection celebrate Ken Hale's lifelong study of underdocumented languages and their implications for universal grammar. The authors report their latest research in syntax, morphology, semantics, phonology, and phonetics. Contributors: Elena Anagnostopoulou, Noam Chomsky, Michel DeGraff, Kai von Fintel, Morris Halle, James Harris, Sabine Iatridou, Roumyana Izvorski, Michael Kenstowicz, Samuel Jay Keyser, Shigeru Miyagawa, Wayne O'Neil, David Pesetsky, Hyang-Sook Sohn, Kenneth N. Stevens, Ester Torrego, Cheryl Zoll.




Introductory Phonology


Book Description

Accessible, succinct, and including numerous student-friendly features, this introductory textbook offers an exceptional foundation to the field for those who are coming to it for the first time. Provides an ideal first course book in phonology, written by a renowned phonologist Developed and tested in the classroom through years of experience and use Emphasizes analysis of phonological data, placing this in its scientific context, and explains the relevant methodology Guides students through the larger questions of what phonological patterns reveal about language Includes numerous course-friendly features, including multi-part exercises and annotated suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter