Sierra Leone, 1787-1987


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A History of the Freetown City Council


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The Province of Freedom, later Freetown Sierra Leone was established in 1787 as a home for freed slaves who had served various commercial entrepreneurs in the West Indies and North America. Some had even fought on the side of the British during the American War of Independence. They had been promised their freedom and the opportunity presented itself, a place they could call their own. This proposal took concrete form in 1787 when the Province of Freedom was established in Sierra Leone. This book attempts to portray the tensions within such a planted settlement as the settlers tried various methods of 'self government' under a rather domineering colonial regime directed and orchestrated by the Colonial Office in London. This book traces the history of the movement and the tensions between the colonial authority and a rapidly developing educated elite among the settlers who had become known as the Krio and who spoke a dialect also called Krio. The issues revolved around the desire of the Krio to break free from 'white' domination and to establish a self-governing colony. Since this was not possible at that point in time, the Freetown City Council served as the main political platform for the political life of the Krio. However with no proper support and at times even fierce opposition from the powers that be, who increasingly came to regard the Krio as a dangerous irritant and a hindrance to good government, an atmosphere was created in which any faltering steps from the Krio would be fatal to their political situation as happened in 1926 when the incumbent Mayor was accused of malpractices, tried, found guilty and jailed. The book concludes with a cursory look at the interim periods between the dissolution of the council in 1926 and 1945 when the municipality was reinstituted.




Decentralization, Democracy, and Development


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The question of whether political, fiscal, and administrative decentralization improves government effectiveness is hotly debated among researchers and policy makers. 'Decentralization, Democracy, and Development' contributes to the empirical literature on decentralization and the debate on whether it is a viable and desirable state-building strategy for post-conflict countries. This book is a collection of eight papers written by nine authors who were intimately involved in the complex decentralization reform process in Sierra Leone from 2003 07. During this period, Sierra Leone s government established elected district and urban councils across the country, transferred certain responsibilities for primary services and local investment and some financial resources to the new councils, and invested heavily in building the administrative infrastructure and capacity of the local councils. Compared to most other Sub-Saharan African countries that have embarked upon decentralization, Sierra Leone s progress in building local government capacity and restructuring the fiscal system is enviable. The authors conclude that improved security and public services are possible in a decentralizing country and Sierra Leone s progress would not have been possible without significant effort at fiscal decentralization and intensive investment in local government capacity building. The most critical ingredient for this promising but fragile reform process is the dynamic leadership team in charge of promoting the new institutional framework and their persistent effort to achieve quick improvement in the local government system and public services.




The Fascinating History of My Direct Royal Ancestors and Their Descendants


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The author traces his direct ancestors for 40 generations, commencing with Egbert Saxon, king of Wessex in generation 1. King Edward III is described in generation 18. He was the last monarch in the author’s Direct family tree. He and his wife, Philippa of Hanault, are the author’s 21 times great grandparents. The author narrates the history of his direct ancestors up to his grandparents in generation 39, from English royalty to Scottish nobility, ending with the Krio elite in the former British colony of Sierra Leone. This was as a result of the acting governor of Sierra Leone, the Scottish Kenneth Macaulay, the author’s 4 times great-grandfather, having a relationship with a liberated African, which led to the birth of the author’s 3 times great-grandmother Charlotte Macaulay, who was of mixed race. The book is an entertaining, fascinating and accessible piece of family history with a wide-ranging scope and engaging manner of dialogue, which will be of interest, not only to historians and genealogists, but also to non-fiction readers in general.




A New History of Sierra Leone


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During the colonial era very little thought was given to the promotion of African history and culture in African educational institutions. Most colonial educationalists stubbornly refused to appreciate that Africa had a history worth talking about.




Current History


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Violence and Colonial Order


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This is a pioneering, multi-empire account of the relationship between the politics of imperial repression and the economic structures of European colonies between the two World Wars. Ranging across colonial Africa, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, Martin Thomas explores the structure of local police forces, their involvement in colonial labour control and the containment of uprisings and dissent. His work sheds new light on broader trends in the direction and intent of colonial state repression. It shows that the management of colonial economies, particularly in crisis conditions, took precedence over individual imperial powers' particular methods of rule in determining the forms and functions of colonial police actions. The politics of colonial labour thus became central to police work, with the depression years marking a watershed not only in local economic conditions but also in the breakdown of the European colonial order more generally.







The Paradoxes of History and Memory in Post-Colonial Sierra Leone


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This anthology reflects the complex processes in the production of historical knowledge and memory about Sierra Leone and its diaspora since the 1960s. The processes, while emblematic of experiences in other parts of Africa, contain their own distinctive features. The fragments of these memories are etched in the psyche, bodies, and practices of Africans in Africa and other global landscapes; and, on the other hand, are embedded in the various discourses and historical narratives about the continent and its peoples. Even though Africans have reframed these discourses and narratives to reclaim and re-center their own worldviews, agency, and experiences since independence they remained, until recently, heavily sedimented with Western colonialist and racialist ideas and frameworks. This anthology engages and interrogates the differing frameworks that have informed the different practices—professional as well as popular–of retelling the Sierra Leonean past. In a sense, therefore, it is concerned with the familiar outline of the story of the making and unmaking of an African “nation” and its constituent race, ethnic, class, and cultural fragments from colonialism to the present. Yet, Sierra Leone, the oldest and quintessential British colony and most Pan-African country in the continent, provides interesting twists to this familiar outline. The contributors to this volume, who consist of different generations of very accomplished and prominent scholars of Sierra Leone in Africa, the United States, and Europe, provide their own distinctive reflections on these twists based on their research interests which cover ethnicity, class, gender, identity formation, nation building, resistance, and social conflict. Their contributions engage various paradoxes and transformative moments in Sierra Leone and West African history. They also reflect the changing modes of historical practice and perspectives over the last fifty years of independence.