Book Description

The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) presents a major problem to farmers of fruiting vegetables by injuring fruits and vectoring Tomato spotted wilt virus. Attempts at controlling this species using calendar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides were ineffective. In contrast, ultra-violet reflective mulches effectively repel thrips and reduce the incidence of Tomato spotted wilt on tomatoes. Furthermore, combining multiple management tactics into a push-pull strategy is effective in other crop systems with other pests. The current study tested various combinations of ultraviolet reflective or black mulch, a kaolin clay spray, and companion plantings of Spanish needle (Bidens alba) and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) for thrips management in tomatoes and peppers in Florida. Kaolin clay and ultra-violet reflective mulch both reduced thrips numbers on both crops and had a synergistic effect. Additionally, the planting of sunflowers as a companion plant increased thrips numbers on pepper plants, while Spanish needle reduced thrips numbers on tomatoes. Sunflowers attracted higher numbers of an effective predator (minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus) to the fields than the crops alone. Companion plants of B. alba and ultraviolet-reflective mulch increased yield and decreased Tomato spotted wilt incidence on tomato. Ultraviolet-reflective mulch and kaolin increased yield of peppers. The results of the study show that these combinations can be successfully used as a push-pull method of thrips management in peppers and tomatoes.