A Practical Method of Predicting Sea Ice Formation and Growth
Author : Owen S. Lee
Publisher :
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 42,18 MB
Release : 1954
Category : Sea ice
ISBN :
Author : Owen S. Lee
Publisher :
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 42,18 MB
Release : 1954
Category : Sea ice
ISBN :
Author : United States. Hydrographic Office
Publisher :
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 50,35 MB
Release : 1954
Category : Sea ice
ISBN :
Author : Michael A. Bilello
Publisher :
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 39,56 MB
Release : 1960
Category : Sea ice
ISBN :
Freeze-up at Alert, Eureka, Isachsen, Mould Bay, and Resolute in the Canadian Arctic was observed to occur any time between the last week in August and the last week in September. A mathematical relationship between air temperature and sea-ice formation provided a favorable method for predicting the date of freeze-up at these stations. The maximum seasonal growth of sea ice, 269 cm, was measured at Isachsen; the minimum, 149 cm, was measured at Resolute. These values are based on measurements made at the five stations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago having a total of 35 station years of record. Equations to predict the growth of sea ice by increments were derived empirically from the observations made at these locations. A separate term is introduced in the equations to take account of the effects of snow-cover depths on ice growth. To apply the formulas only air-temperature and snow-depth data are required. The study disclosed good correlation between air temperature and decrease in sea-ice thickness at the Arctic stations. The relationship was found to be: h = 0.55 sigma theta where h = decrease in ice thickness (cm) and sigma theta = accumulated degree days (above -1.8C). (Author).
Author : Tom Carrieres
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 47,41 MB
Release : 2017-10-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 1108417426
A comprehensive overview of the science involved in automated prediction of sea ice, for sea ice analysts, researchers, and professionals.
Author : Walter I. Wittmann
Publisher :
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 20,40 MB
Release : 1964
Category : Sea ice
ISBN :
Author : United States. Naval Oceanographic Office
Publisher :
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 39,73 MB
Release :
Category :
ISBN :
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 19,1 MB
Release : 2013-01-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309265266
Recent well documented reductions in the thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice cover, which can be linked to the warming climate, are affecting the global climate system and are also affecting the global economic system as marine access to the Arctic region and natural resource development increase. Satellite data show that during each of the past six summers, sea ice cover has shrunk to its smallest in three decades. The composition of the ice is also changing, now containing a higher fraction of thin first-year ice instead of thicker multi-year ice. Understanding and projecting future sea ice conditions is important to a growing number of stakeholders, including local populations, natural resource industries, fishing communities, commercial shippers, marine tourism operators, national security organizations, regulatory agencies, and the scientific research community. However, gaps in understanding the interactions between Arctic sea ice, oceans, and the atmosphere, along with an increasing rate of change in the nature and quantity of sea ice, is hampering accurate predictions. Although modeling has steadily improved, projections by every major modeling group failed to predict the record breaking drop in summer sea ice extent in September 2012. Establishing sustained communication between the user, modeling, and observation communities could help reveal gaps in understanding, help balance the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, and ensure that resources are allocated to address the most pressing sea ice data needs. Seasonal-to-Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice: Challenges and Strategies explores these topics.
Author : United States. Naval Oceanographic Office
Publisher :
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 17,75 MB
Release : 1964
Category :
ISBN :
Author : United States. Defense Mapping Agency. Hydrographic Center
Publisher :
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 36,2 MB
Release : 1971
Category : Oceanography
ISBN :
Author : United States. Department of the Air Force
Publisher :
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 37,82 MB
Release : 1959
Category :
ISBN :