A Prologue to National Development Planning


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External and internal efforts to help developing countries achieve growth and economic stability, based on Western models, have resulted in frustration at best and in the creation of serious new problems without the resolution of existing ones at worst. Professor Gharajedaghi contends that this general failure stems not from a lack of expertise but from a fundamental misconception of the development process. Challenging common assumptions about the nature of national development planning, he proposes practical new approaches aimed at fostering national and local planning initiatives rather than continued reliance on external and traditional development models. This study is the product of more than 25 years of research and experience in planning in developing nations. It presents a flexible theoretical framework that reflects philosophical, methodological, and conceptual aspects of planning and it may be readily adapted to a full range of development situations.




Development Planning


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Development Planning


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Developing countries' economists and civil servants will find no other handbook on their job so readable and succinct"The Economist "probably the most useful book which has ever been written to show how a plan is made and what the policy requirements are for its implementation"International Affairs Many books have been published on the theory of economic development, but very little has appeared on how a Development Plan is made, what the chief snags are and what distinguishes good planning from bad. The emphasis throughout the book is on policy, although the basic techniques for making a Plan are illustrated. Much information is tabulated for ease of reading.




Development Planning


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Guidelines for Development Planning


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Thinking About Development


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This book intends to be helpful to people-students and oth ers-who are beginning to think about how to change the world via that activity we call development planning. The issues of What is Progress? and How do we get it? are world-wide, although they appear in different form in societies like our own from the way they do in the Third World countries with their explicit development planning. These are two very big questions and have no easy or final answers. However, we can think about them in more rather than less effective ways. Thinking about them can be both a way of beginning to take action on issues of growth and change, and a way of understanding our own situation. vii viii I PREFACE This book argues that thinking about development plan ning has gotten into trouble by dividing economy from so ciety, and misconstruing moral-social-political issues as tech nical ones. Development planning has centered on economic planning, treating social issues as obstacles to growth, or as problems arising out of economic change. The book takes up a number of specific topics which enter into development planning-topics such as the organization of work, educa tional planning, family policy-to show how in reality the social and the economic, the moral and the technical, are one, and how thinking about policy in each area should therefore take an integrated perspective.




Education's Role in National Development Plans


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The 1990s opened with dramatic readjustments in the world. Nations that had been governed for decades by single-party socialist regimes were suddenly rejecting their traditional systems of socioeconomic development, and new leaders were searching for modes of planning and management that could bring their people economic prosperity and political freedom. These events are of particular concern to educators who have been concerned over the past four decades with the effectiveness of the educational provisions inserted into national development programs. Such interest is not limited to Eastern bloc communist countries, but extends as well to other nations, socialist and capitalist alike, that have adopted centralized national planning. This book identifies the place that education has been assigned in the national development programs of a varied selection of nations--large and small, capitalist and socialist, industrialized and agrarian, Eastern and Western, Northern and Southern. The authors consider the problems these nations (Soviet Union, German Democratic Republic, Pakistan, Egypt, People's Republic of China, South Korea, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Tanzania, and Zaire) have encountered in managing educational components, and assess the effectiveness of the plans and of the measures adopted for solving the educational problems.







First National Development Plan


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