The Transformation of Title IX


Book Description

One civil rights-era law has reshaped American society—and contributed to the country's ongoing culture wars Few laws have had such far-reaching impact as Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Intended to give girls and women greater access to sports programs and other courses of study in schools and colleges, the law has since been used by judges and agencies to expand a wide range of antidiscrimination policies—most recently the Obama administration’s 2016 mandates on sexual harassment and transgender rights. In this comprehensive review of how Title IX has been implemented, Boston College political science professor R. Shep Melnick analyzes how interpretations of "equal educational opportunity" have changed over the years. In terms accessible to non-lawyers, Melnick examines how Title IX has become a central part of legal and political campaigns to correct gender stereotypes, not only in academic settings but in society at large. Title IX thus has become a major factor in America's culture wars—and almost certainly will remain so for years to come.




The Class Size Debate


Book Description

"This is a very important book which may become a classic. The research study is remarkable in its magnitude, breadth and duration.... it is described in a form accessible to practitioners and policy makers." - Professor Jeremy D. Finn, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA "This fascinating book is one that should be compulsory reading for student teachers... It also provides challenge and insight for experienced teachers. ...a stimulating source of evidence which will challenge people to consider their own approaches and what might constitute good practice. ...an important contribution to the class size debate." - Inservice Journal One of the most important debates in education in recent years has been about the effects of class size differences in schools. This book provides the most complete analysis to date of the educational consequences of class size differences, and sets out to solve the puzzling gap between professional experience and research findings. This book: Examines results from a pioneering research project of international significance, unique in its scale and methodology Investigates the relationships between class size and pupil achievements by detailed examination of classroom processes Considers the view that small classes provide better teaching and learning, and why this is not supported by past research findings Identifies implications for policy at government, LEA and school level, teacher education and professional development Indicates implications for practice - maximising opportunities of small classes and minimising problems in large classes. Written in an accessible style and drawing upon examples from classroom life, this book is important reading for student and practising primary school teachers, M.Ed and doctoral students, teacher educators, researchers and policymakers.




Smaller Classes Or Larger


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First Lessons


Book Description

Prepared by the former U.S. Secretary of Education and the Elementary Education Study Group. Covers: children, parents and the community of adults; our elementary schools: 3They teach us wonderful things2 (reading, writing, mathematics, science, social studies, the arts, foreign languages, health and physical education, computers, libraries): elementary school professionals; school policy (standards, resources, discipline, drugs, class size, kindergarten, the gifted child, textbooks, language-minority children); and in the schools. Extensive bibliography.




Class Size Survey


Book Description







A Survey of Selected Teachers Opinions to the Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement Among Middle School Students


Book Description

Researchers have studied the affects of class size on student achievement for years. Therefore, the size of classes presently is disturbing. In regards to class size reductions, Murphy, 1998 states that students enjoyed significantly greater improvements in test scores in reading, language arts, and math. A class size research study was conducted based on several reliable constructs, including the CSR program, mode of instruction, financial aspects, classroom and student affects, mathematics achievement, language teaching, and reading achievement. A quantitative research design was used in a sample of 20 middle school teachers between the ages of 25 and 55. Teachers filled out a background information sheet and a seven-question survey. The data was then analyzed to reveal that most teachers strongly agreed or agreed that smaller class sizes increase student achievement in a variety of areas. Based on literature findings and data generated, most participants agreed with the theory that smaller class sizes do increase student achievement. However, it was not determined how many other factors affect class size, such as mode of instruction. It is recommended that future research be conducted that will collaborate the importance of class size on student achievement. The following are appended: (1) Class Size Questionnaire; (2) Human Subjects Form; (3) Informed Consent Form; (4) Acknowledgement and Consent Form; (5) Human Subject Approval Letter; (6) Background Information Sheet; and (7) Final Summary Form. (Contains 15 figures.) [Master's Thesis, Marygrove College.].




Class Size


Book Description