Accidental Radioactive Contamination of Human Food and Animal Feeds


Book Description

Recommendations on accidental radioactive contamination of human food and animal feeds were issued in 1982 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (FDA 1982, Shleien et al 1982). Since then, there have been enough significant advancements related to emergency planning to warrant updating the recommendations. New scientific information and radiation protection philosophy are incorporated, experience gained since 1982 is included, and guidance developed by international organizations is taken into account (Schmidt 1988a, l988b, 1990, Burnett and Rosenstein 1989). These recommendations provide guidance applicable to accidents at nuclear power plants and many other types of accidents where a significant radiation dose could be received as a result of consumption of contaminated food. These recommendations rescind and replace the 1982 FDA recommendations.













Evaluation of Radiation Doses Due to Consumption of Contaminated Food Items and Calculation of Food Class-Specific Derived Intervention Levels


Book Description

This document evaluates the expected radiation dose due to the consumption of several specific food classes (dairy, meat, produce, etc.) contaminated with specific radionuclides, and relates concentration levels in food to the detection abilities of typical aboratory analysis/measurement methods. The attached charts present the limiting organ dose as a function of the radionuclide concentration in a particular food class, and allow the user to compare these concentrations and doses to typical analytical detection apabilities. The expected radiation dose depends on several factors: the age of the individual; the radionuclide present in the food; the concentration of the radionuclide in the food; and the amount of food consumed. Food consumption rates for individuals of various ges were taken from the 1998 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) document, Accidental Radioactive Contamination of HUman Food and Animal Feeds: Recommendations for State and Local Agencies. In that document, the FDA defines the erived Intervention Level (DIL), which is the concentration of a particular radionuclide in food that if consumed could result in an individual receiving a radiation dose exceeding the Protection Action Guide (PAG) thresholds for intervention. This document also resents odified, food class specific DIL, which is calculated using a somewhat modified version of the FDA's procedure. This document begins with an overview of the FDA's DIL calculation, followed by a description of the food class specific DIL calculations, and finally charts of the radiation dose per radioactivity concentration for several food class/radionuclide combinations.




Radioactive Fallout in Soils, Crops, and Food


Book Description

Behaviour and significance of radioactive substances released into agricultural, forestry and fisheries; Radioation in the environment; Radioecology, behaviour, significance, models; Chernobyl and other accidents; Some international situation in Europe after Chernobyl; Some international implications; Soil and crop contamination by rarioactive fallout; Agricultural and forestry soils as a vital global resource; Soil in the nutrient cycle; Sources and nature of radioactive contamination; Biological significance of contaminated soils; Behaviour in soils and movement into foodwebs; Detection and measurement; Countermeasures, reclamation and use of contaminated soils; Concluding comments; some questions and needs.




Is-303


Book Description

Course Overview In this course you will learn how to assess the off-site radiological consequences to the public following a release of radioactivity from nuclear power reactors and non-reactor incidents and how to use this assessment as a basis for recommending protective actions to decision makers. Course Objectives: At the end of this course, you will be able to: -Describe the source and magnitude of the threat to the public from a nuclear power plant incident. -Describe preventive and protective measures which may be implemented to protect the public and emergency workers during a nuclear incident, and use the Federal guidance to determine when each of these measures is necessary or appropriate. -Describe the relationship of dose and dose pathway to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) protective action guides (PAGs), early injuries, and early deaths. -Locate the appropriate protective action guide using the EPA Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents, EPA 400-R-92-001 and the FDA Accidental Radioactive Contamination of Human Food and Animal Feeds: Recommendations for State and Local Agencies, August 13, 1998. -Describe the guidelines and recommendations associated with using potassium iodide as a supplemental public protective action. -Describe suggested protective actions for milk, fruits and vegetables, meat and meat products, poultry and poultry products, soils, grains, and water. -Explain the appropriate techniques, procedures, and available Federal agency capabilities and resources to gather and assess data during and after a nuclear or radiological incident. -Convert from International System of Units (SI) to customary units and customary units to SI using a hand calculator. -Utilize mathematical equations to calculate dose conversion factors (DCFs).










FRMAC Assessment Manual


Book Description

The ingestion pathway assessment procedures cited in the current version of the ''RMAC Assessment Manual'', DOE/NV/11718-061 (September 1996) have been superseded by new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. This addendum replaces the obsolete procedures with a revised set based on the new guidance released by the FDA in August 1998. This addendum provides an overview of the new guidance, revised assessment methods, and assessment aids. It does not provide a general method of ingestion pathway analysis. The scope is limited to that covered by the new guidance titled, ''Accidental Radioactive Contamination of Human Food and Animal Feeds: Recommendations for State and Local Agencies, '' issued by the FDA in August 1998.