Acetic Acid Production from Acetaldehyde - Cost Analysis - Acetic Acid E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Acetic Acid production from acetaldehyde and oxygen. The process examined is a typical liquid-phase oxidation process. In this process, the oxidation occurs with manganous acetate as catalyst. Unreacted acetaldehyde is condensed and recycled back to the reactor. The liquid product is sent to a set of distillation columns to recover the Acetic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ethanoic Acid, Ethanal, Oxidation Reaction, Liquid-Phase Oxidation, Air




Acetic Acid Production from Acetaldehyde - Cost Analysis - Acetic Acid E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Acetic Acid production from acetaldehyde and oxygen The process examined is a typical liquid-phase oxidation process. In this process, the oxidation occurs with manganous acetate as catalyst. Unreacted acetaldehyde is condensed and recycled back to the reactor. The liquid product is sent to a set of distillation columns to recover the Acetic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ethanoic Acid, Ethanal, Oxidation Reaction, Liquid-Phase Oxidation, Air




Acetaldehyde Production from Ethylene - Cost Analysis - Acetaldehyde E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Acetaldehyde production from ethylene The process examined is a typical oxidation process. In the process, a palladium/copper catalyst system is used. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Ethanal, Wacker Process, Hoechst-Wacker Process




Vinyl Acetate from Acetic Acid and Ethylene - Cost Analysis - VAM E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) from acetic acid and ethylene. The process examined is a typical vapor phase oxidation process. In this process, vapor acetic acid, ethylene and oxygen react in a catalytic multi-tube reactor, producing Vinyl Acetate. After separation/purification steps, VAM is obtained as the final product and unreacted ethylene and acetic acid are recycled back to the reactor. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Vinyl Esters," Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) US Patent 9573877, issued to Celanese in 2017 Keywords: Ethenyl Acetate, Ethanoic Acid, Ethene, Oxidation, Vapor Phase, VAM




Sulfuric Acid from Sulfur via Double-Contact Process - Cost Analysis - Sulfuric Acid E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Sulfuric Acid production from sulfur. The process examined is a conventional process comprising sulfur burning followed by a typical double-contact double absorption (DC/DA) process. In this process, sulfur dioxide is obtained by molten sulfur burning. Sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide in a reactor. The sulfur trioxide-rich gaseous stream is absorbed in recirculating sulfuric acid. The absorption column offgas is sent to a further bed in the SO2 reactor for converting the remaining sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide, which is then absorbed in a second column with recirculating sulfuric acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Sulphuric Acid, Sulphur, Oleum, Fuming Sulfuric Acid, Exothermic Reaction, Catalytic Reaction, Double-Contact Double Absorption, DC/DA




Ethyl Acetate Production from Ethanol and Acid Acetic - Cost Analysis - Ethyl Acetate E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Ethyl Acetate production from ethanol and acid acetic. In this process, Ethyl Acetate is produced by continuous esterification of acetic acid and ethanol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Esterification", Enciclopedia of chemical technology, 5th edition Keywords: Esterification, Ethyl Acetate, Reactive Distillation




Calcium Carbide Production from Limestone - Cost Analysis - Calcium Carbide E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Calcium Carbide production from limestone and coke. In the process, limestone is calcinated to lime, which reacts with coke in an electric arc furnace, producing calcium carbide. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Calcium Carbide", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Calcium Oxide, EAF, Electrode, Limestone Calcination, Carbide Furnace




Fermentation Processes


Book Description

Fermentation is a theme widely useful for food, feed and biofuel production. Indeed each of these areas, food industry, animal nutrition and energy production, has considerable presence in the global market. Fermentation process also has relevant applications on medical and pharmaceutical areas, such as antibiotics production. The present book, Fermentation Processes, reflects that wide value of fermentation in related areas. It holds a total of 14 chapters over diverse areas of fermentation research.




New Horizons in Biotechnology


Book Description

The practice of biotechnology, though different in style, scale and substance in globalizing science for development involves all countries. Investment in biotechnology in the industrialised, the developing, and the least developed countries, is now amongst the widely accepted avenues being used for economie development. The simple utilization of kefir technology, the detoxification of injurious chemical pesticides e.g. parathion, the genetic tailoring of new crops, and the production of a first of a kind of biopharmaceuticals illustrate the global scope and content of biotechnology research endeavour and effort. In the developing and least developed nations, and in which the 9 most populous countries· are encountered, problems concerning management of the environment, food security, conservation of human health resources and capacity building are important factors that influence the path to sustainable development. Long-term use of biotechnology in the agricultural, food, energy and health sectors is expected to yield a windfall of economic, environmental and social benefits. Already the prototypes of new medicines and of prescription fruit vaccines are available. Gene based agriculture and medieine is increasingly being adopted and accepted. Emerging trends and practices are reflected in the designing of more efficient bioprocesses, and in new research in enzyme and fermentation technology, in the bioconversion of agro industrial residues into bio-utility products, in animal healthcare, and in the bioremediation and medical biotechnologies. Indeed, with each new day, new horizons in biotechnology beckon.




Glycerine Production and Transformation


Book Description

The increase in the amount of glycerin in the market is a burden for all producers, especially those operating in the biodiesel sector: reuse options are in fact limited for the management of this by-product. Glycerol enhancement has therefore become a priority to improve the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, the multifunctionality of glycerol makes it a promising precursor for different types of production (fuel/biofuel, chemical products). This conversion has therefore become a subject of multifaceted research that requires an exchange of knowledge across many sectors. In this book, different disciplines (chemistry, biology, engineering, etc.) have been taken into consideration to propose an interdisciplinary point of view on different aspects.