Acetylcholinesterase: Old Questions and New Developments


Book Description

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a primary regulator of cholinergic signaling within and out of the central nervous system. It has been studied extensively for several decades, yet many basic questions about its regulation, composition and functions remain open. Thus, neither the full impact of AChE’s activities on neuronal development, maintenance and functioning nor the reasons for why and how different AChE molecular forms are being synthesized and degraded are fully known yet, although recent evidence suggests the involvement of micro-RNA regulators in both of these aspects. The identification of the anchoring proteins, PRiMA and ColQ, stimulates studies on AChE’s assembly and its specific localization in the brain and muscle. Additionally, non-cholinergic function(s) of AChE has been proposed as relevant both for neuronal differentiation and cognitive functioning, whereas transgenic engineering, recombinant production and structure-function analyses of this enzyme’s variants with various inhibitors paved new avenues for the development of novel Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics, agricultural pesticides and prophylactics in anticipation of warfare agent exposure. The aims of this Research Topic is to provide a forum for experts in the field to critically discuss recent developments in AChE studies, initiate global critiques of the current views for resolving the fundamental questions in AChE research and promote the development of novel versions and uses of AChE-targeted agents. Topics of interest include but are not limited to: (i) post-transcriptional regulation of AChE; (ii) the non-cholinergic functions of AChE; and (iii) anti-AChE inhibitors and diseases.




Advances in Cancer Research


Book Description

Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 152, the latest release in this ongoing, well-regarded serial, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. - Provides the latest information on cancer research - Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike




Marine Carotenoids


Book Description

Carotenoids represent a large group of isoprenoid structures with many different structural characteristics and biological activities. They are the most important of the naturally occurring pigments and are responsible for the various colors of different fruits, vegetables, and plant parts. Marine carotenoids and their unique structures are responsible for the color of many fish, shellfish, and algae. However, while there have been many papers and reviews on carotenoids of terrestrial origin, there has been relatively little research conducted on the impact of marine carotenoids on human health. Recent research efforts have revealed that marine carotenoids have strong biological activity affecting human health and are candidates for nutraceuticals. This Topical Collection of Marine Drugs is dedicated to marine carotenoids, and will focus on the benefits of carotenoids for human beings. For a better understanding of the physiological effects of marine carotenoids, this collection should include the most recent developments in the presence, analysis, chemistry, and biochemistry of marine carotenoids.




Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor


Book Description

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Mechanism of Action of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors held on the Island of Santorini, Greece, May 19-23, 1986




Acetylcholine in the Cerebral Cortex


Book Description

Comprehensive exposé, by leading neuroscientists, of current knowledge on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. All aspects of the subject are covered, from its most elementary, at the molecular and cellular levels, to its systemic and holistic implications, including its role in cognition and involvement in human diseases and therapeutics. The twenty-two chapters are grouped under four main headings : I. Functional Morphology of the Acetylcholine Innervation in Cerebral Cortex (Including Hippocampus); II. Modes of Action of Acetylcholine in the Cerebral Cortex; III. Cortical Properties and Functions Modulated by Acetylcholine, and IV. Clinical, Pathological and Therapeutic Implications. This broad perspective updates the reader on recent advances and future trends in the study of a major neuromodulatory system in brain.




Advances in Research and Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease


Book Description

Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death. The cause and progression of Alzheimer's disease are not well understood. Research indicates that the disease is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Current treatments only help with the symptoms of the disease. There are no available treatments that stop or reverse the progression of the disease. As of 2012, more than 1000 clinical trials have been or are being conducted to find ways to treat the disease, but it is unknown if any of the tested treatments will work. Because AD cannot be cured and is degenerative, the sufferer relies on others for assistance. The role of the main caregiver is often taken by the spouse or a close relative. Alzheimer's disease is known for placing a great burden on caregivers; the pressures can be wide-ranging, involving social, psychological, physical, and economic elements of the caregiver's life. In developed countries, AD is one of the most costly diseases to society. Research is the only hope to present and future patients and families suffering from this devastating disorder. This book compiles some of the most interesting articles on Alzheimer's disease published by PLoS journals lately: from epidemiology and prevention to management and treatment.




Developments in Aging


Book Description