Adrenal Cortex: From Physiology to Disease


Book Description

The adrenal gland plays essential roles in the control of body homeostasis, stress and immune responses. The adrenal cortex represents up to 90% of the gland and is specialised in the production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. This production is tightly coordinated and results from a unique zonal organisation. Although our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling adrenal steroidogenesis is quite extensive, for decades, the mechanisms of adrenal cortex development, cellular homeostasis and renewal have remained elusive. The advent of new high-throughput technologies and sophisticated genetic approaches has brought tremendous progress in our understanding of how the adrenal cortex achieves and maintains its particular organisation. The aim of this Frontiers in Endocrinology Topic is to provide readers with a snapshot of our current knowledge on adrenal physiology and how deregulations of these processes result in adrenal diseases. This includes but is not limited to, basic research on adrenal development, cell lineage identification, progenitor cells, tissue renewal, control of differentiation and zonation and clinical research on the identification of disease-related genes.




Adrenal Disorders


Book Description

This practical resource provides the latest evidence, management strategies and recommendations for the treatment of disorders of the adrenal glands, including related physiology, genetics and pharmacology. This book is divided into three thematic sections. The first covers adrenal physiology, presenting adrenal zonation and development, the regulation of steroidogenesis, and the pharmacology of glucocortisoids. Part two discusses the genetics and pathophysiology of a number of adrenal disorders, including autoimmune Addison’s disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, primary aldosteronism, adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias, and pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. The final section presents the latest diagnostic and management strategies for these disorders, addressing adrenal insufficiency, adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome and aldosteronism, among others. Over the past twenty years, our understanding of disorders of the adrenal glands has been altered and deepened. Providing a much-needed update to the literature, Adrenal Disorders: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Treatment will be an important resource for both academic and clinical endocrinologists working with the adrenal glands and managing patients with adrenal disorders.




Pediatric Adrenal Diseases


Book Description

Written by experts and specialized investigators, this book presents a detailed overview of the recent progress in our understanding of the adrenal cortex and its pivotal roles in homeostasis. Genes, molecules and cell compartments directly or indirectly involved in the complex steroidogenesis pathway as well as the resulting end-hormones glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens are analyzed. Furthermore, the defects of the genes responsible both for common and rare adrenal disorders are presented. The interactions of the adrenal cortices with the adrenal medulla and their importance in the integration of adrenocortical and adrenomedullary function are discussed. The complex molecular pathophysiology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is presented; long-term effects of the disorder and the still controversial antenatal therapy are examined. Finally, expert review chapters discuss autoimmune Addison disease and the adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy syndrome. Presenting novel research findings in adrenal gland physiology and pathophysiology, this book is a useful tool not only for pediatric endocrinologists, but also for clinicians and researchers studying human development, organogenesis, mitochondrial biology, nuclear receptors, stress biology and pharmacology.




The Adrenal Cortex


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The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis


Book Description

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes such as digestion, the immune system, mood and sexuality, and energy usage. This volume focuses on the role it plays in the immune system and provides substantive experimental and clinical data to support current understanding in the field, and potential applications of this knowledge in the treatment of disease. Evidence presented in this book suggests that the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems form the Neuroendoimmune Supersystem, which integrates all the biological functions of higher organisms both in health and disease for their entire life cycle Contributors include both the scientists who initiated the work on the HPA axis and on the autonomic nervous system, and those who joined the field later




Anatomy and Physiology


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Adrenal Gland


Book Description

Vitamins and Hormones serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Vitamins and Hormones series Updated release includes the latest information on the Adrenal Gland




Endocrinology of Aging


Book Description

Endocrinology of Aging: Clinical Aspects in Diagrams and Images presents chapters in a way that allows the reader to incorporate concepts and complex facts in a visual way. As the global population becomes older, the need for a deeper understanding of geriatric pathology increases, and with it, there becomes a greater need to access educational resources on the endocrinology and metabolism of aging. According to the United Nations, the number of people aged 60 years or over in the world is projected to be 1.4 billion in 2030 and 2.1 billion in 2050, hence this is a timely resource. Divided according to specific endocrine and metabolic systems, providing evidence-based content Addresses physiological changes that alter the pathophysiology of the clinical picture Considers the patient transitioning from young adult to elderly, discussing endocrinological challenges to discern physiology from pathology Focuses on age as an essential factor for diagnostic and endocrine management




The Adrenals


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The Adrenal Cortex


Book Description