Author : United States. Federal Aviation Administration. Office of Environmental Quality. High Altitude Pollution Program
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 21,40 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Air quality
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 25,41 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Air
ISBN :
Author : Robert Carl Oliver
Publisher :
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 29,60 MB
Release : 1979
Category : Air
ISBN :
A review is provided of recent (December 1976-June 1978) developments in problems associated with estimating the potential effects that aircraft emissions at cruise altitudes may have on the earth's protective ozone shield and/or surface climate. Background information is provided as deemed necessary for context. The review shows that one recently measured key reaction rate(HO2 + NO yields NO2 + HO) has had dramatic effects on the ozone question. Computed effects on the ozone column of nitrogen oxides (which, unless in very large quantity, now cause an increase) and water vapor emissions (which, unless thermal feedback effects are included, cause a decrease) from supersonic transports (at 17-20 km) are now small and, on balance, apparently positive, at least for moderate fleets (several hundred aircraft). Subsonic aircraft also appear to cause small increases in the ozone column; however, on new modeling results are available. The new HO2 + NO rate has affected model duplication of the natural atmosphere adversely; another important new rate (HO2 + O3 yields HO + 2 O2), not yet incorporated in available results, may reduce this difficulty. Second-order effects (thermal feedback) have become important, particularly in modeling water effects; the modeling of water transport processes, however, involves many uncertainties. Additional modeling studies are needed. Progress in emissions measurement uncertainties and brief comments on possibly important climatic aspects are also included. (Author).
Author : Robert Carl Oliver
Publisher :
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 20,66 MB
Release : 1979
Category : Air
ISBN :
Author : Joyce E. Penner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 16,86 MB
Release : 1999-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521663007
This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report is the most comprehensive assessment available on the effects of aviation on the global atmosphere. The report considers all the gases and particles emitted by aircraft that modify the chemical properties of the atmosphere, leading to changes in radiative properties and climate change, and modification of the ozone layer, leading to changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth. This volume provides accurate, unbiased, policy-relevant information and is designed to serve the aviation industry and the expert and policymaking communities.
Author : James E. McCarthy
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 39,95 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 1437931065
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Aircraft are a significant source of greenhouse gases. In the U.S., aircraft of all kinds are estimated to emit between 2.6% and 3.4% of the nation¿s total greenhouse gas emissions. The impact of U.S. aviation on climate change is perhaps twice that size when other factors are considered. These include the contribution of aircraft emissions to ozone formation, and the water vapor and soot that aircraft emit. This report provides background on aviation emissions and the factors affecting them; discusses the tools available to control emissions, incl. existing authority under the Clean Air Act and proposed economy-wide cap-and-trade legislation; and examines international regulatory developments that may affect U.S. commercial airlines. Charts and tables.
Author : R. C. Oliver
Publisher :
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 27,13 MB
Release : 1978
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
ISBN :
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 25,50 MB
Release : 2002-04-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0309169631
Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector.
Author : Susan Fleming
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 11,96 MB
Release : 2009-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 143791764X
Aircraft emit greenhouse gases and other emissions, contributing to increasing concentrations of such gases in the atmosphere. Many scientists and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change believe these gases may negatively affect the earth¿s climate. Given forecasts of growth in aviation emissions, some gov¿ts. are taking steps to reduce emissions. This report reviews: (1) estimates of aviation¿s current and future contribution to greenhouse gas and other emissions that may affect climate change; (2) existing and potential technological and operational improvements that can reduce aircraft emissions; and (3) policy options for gov¿ts. to help address commercial aircraft emissions. Illustrations.
Author : Joonhee Kim
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,6 MB
Release : 2023
Category :
ISBN :
Aviation's impact on the ozone layer, climate, and air quality varies based on the location of emissions. Changes from subsonic aircraft emissions due to regional growth, and the potential re-introduction of supersonic transport flying in the stratosphere present new scenarios that regulations do not currently address. To quantify the atmospheric impacts of aviation emissions, past studies have used global chemistry-transport models. However, these models are not practical in the context of policy analysis because of their high computational costs and lack of uncertainty quantification to support decision-making. Using atmospheric emission sensitivities derived from the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model, I develop a new reduced- order, probabilistic model to calculate the ozone, climate, and air quality impacts from aircraft emissions for a full range of possible flight altitudes and latitudes. The current model reports results based on the average of five years of atmospheric impacts. Applying this model to multiple emission scenarios, this thesis explores the variation in environmental impacts across subsonic flights on the basis of flight distance, and across potential supersonic flights with differing cruise altitudes. Results show that short-haul flights have the greatest air quality-related health impacts per unit of NO[subscript x] emissions compared to mid- and long-haul flights. These differences are driven by surface PM2.5 changes, which lead to ~8400 premature mortalities per Tg NO[subscript x] from short-haul emissions, about 1.6-1.8 times greater than estimates from mid- and long-haul NO[subscript x] emissions. The results from subsonic and supersonic fleet indicate that the ozone, climate, and air quality impacts from NO[subscript x] are most sensitive to changes in the altitude of emissions. Subsonic emissions are estimated to increase the global ozone column by 0.33 Dobson Units (DU) per Tg NO[subscript x], while a supersonic fleet flying 18-21 km causes 6.6 DU of ozone destruction per Tg NO[subscript x]. However, this stratospheric ozone depletion also leads to ~13,000 fewer mortalities per Tg NO[subscript x] from decreased population exposure to surface ozone. As changing aircraft emissions introduce a variety of new environmental consequences and tradeoffs, understanding the sensitivity of atmospheric impacts to the emission location is essential to inform policies and future aircraft technologies.
