Algebraic Structures and Operator Calculus


Book Description

In this volume we will present some applications of special functions in computer science. This largely consists of adaptations of articles that have appeared in the literature . Here they are presented in a format made accessible for the non-expert by providing some context. The material on group representations and Young tableaux is introductory in nature. However, the algebraic approach of Chapter 2 is original to the authors and has not appeared previously . Similarly, the material and approach based on Appell states, so formulated, is presented here for the first time . As in all volumes of this series, this one is suitable for self-study by researchers . It is as well appropriate as a text for a course or advanced seminar . The solutions are tackled with the help of various analytical techniques, such as g- erating functions, and probabilistic methods/insights appear regularly . An interesting feature is that, as has been the case in classical applications to physics, special functions arise- here in complexity analysis. And, as in physics, their appearance indicates an underlying Lie structure. Our primary audience is applied mathematicians and theoretical computer scientists . We are quite sure that pure mathematicians will find this volume interesting and useful as well .




Algebraic Structures and Operators Calculus


Book Description

Introduction I. General remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 III. Lie algebras: some basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Chapter 1 Operator calculus and Appell systems I. Boson calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 II. Holomorphic canonical calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 III. Canonical Appell systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 2 Representations of Lie groups I. Coordinates on Lie groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 II. Dual representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 III. Matrix elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 IV. Induced representations and homogeneous spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 General Appell systems Chapter 3 I. Convolution and stochastic processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 II. Stochastic processes on Lie groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 III. Appell systems on Lie groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 4 Canonical systems in several variables I. Homogeneous spaces and Cartan decompositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 II. Induced representation and coherent states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 III. Orthogonal polynomials in several variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Chapter 5 Algebras with discrete spectrum I. Calculus on groups: review of the theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 II. Finite-difference algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 III. q-HW algebra and basic hypergeometric functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 IV. su2 and Krawtchouk polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 V. e2 and Lommel polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Chapter 6 Nilpotent and solvable algebras I. Heisenberg algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 II. Type-H Lie algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Vll III. Upper-triangular matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 IV. Affine and Euclidean algebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Chapter 7 Hermitian symmetric spaces I. Basic structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 II. Space of rectangular matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 III. Space of skew-symmetric matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 IV. Space of symmetric matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chapter 8 Properties of matrix elements I. Addition formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 II. Recurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 III. Quotient representations and summation formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Chapter 9 Symbolic computations I. Computing the pi-matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 II. Adjoint group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 III. Recursive computation of matrix elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




Algebraic Structures and Operator Calculus


Book Description

This series presents some tools of applied mathematics in the areas of proba bility theory, operator calculus, representation theory, and special functions used currently, and we expect more and more in the future, for solving problems in math ematics, physics, and, now, computer science. Much of the material is scattered throughout available literature, however, we have nowhere found in accessible form all of this material collected. The presentation of the material is original with the authors. The presentation of probability theory in connection with group represen tations is new, this appears in Volume I. Then the applications to computer science in Volume II are original as well. The approach found in Volume III, which deals in large part with infinite-dimensional representations of Lie algebras/Lie groups, is new as well, being inspired by the desire to find a recursive method for calcu lating group representations. One idea behind this is the possibility of symbolic computation of the matrix elements. In this volume, Representations and Probability Theory, we present an intro duction to Lie algebras and Lie groups emphasizing the connections with operator calculus, which we interpret through representations, principally, the action of the Lie algebras on spaces of polynomials. The main features are the connection with probability theory via moment systems and the connection with the classical ele mentary distributions via representation theory. The various systems of polynomi als that arise are one of the most interesting aspects of this study.







Operator Calculus On Graphs: Theory And Applications In Computer Science


Book Description

This pioneering book presents a study of the interrelationships among operator calculus, graph theory, and quantum probability in a unified manner, with significant emphasis on symbolic computations and an eye toward applications in computer science.Presented in this book are new methods, built on the algebraic framework of Clifford algebras, for tackling important real world problems related, but not limited to, wireless communications, neural networks, electrical circuits, transportation, and the world wide web. Examples are put forward in Mathematica throughout the book, together with packages for performing symbolic computations.




Algebraic Structures and Operator Calculus


Book Description

This is the second of three volumes which present, in an original way, some of the most important tools of applied mathematics in areas such as probability theory, operator calculus, representation theory, and special functions, used in solving problems in mathematics, physics and computer science. This second volume - Special Functions and Computer Science - presents some applications of special functions in computer science. It largely consists of adaptations of articles that have appeared in the literature, but here they are presented in a format made accessible for the non-expert by providing some context. The material on group representation and Young tableaux is introductory in nature. The algebraic approach of Chapter 2 is original to the authors and has not appeared previously. Similarly, the material and approach based on Appell states, so formulated, is presented here for the first time. The solutions are tackled with the help of various analytical techniques, such as generating functions and probabilistic methods and insights appear regularly. For pure and applied mathematicians and theoretical computer scientists. It is suitable for selfstudy by researchers, as well as being appropriate as a text for a course or advanced seminar.




Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers


Book Description

Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers provides an introduction to the combinatorial aspects of normal ordering in the Weyl algebra and some of its close relatives. The Weyl algebra is the algebra generated by two letters U and V subject to the commutation relation UV - VU = I. It is a classical result that normal ordering pow




Operator Calculus on Graphs


Book Description

This pioneering book presents a study of the interrelationships among operator calculus, graph theory, and quantum probability in a unified manner, with significant emphasis on symbolic computations and an eye toward applications in computer science. Presented in this book are new methods, built on the algebraic framework of Clifford algebras, for tackling important real world problems related, but not limited to, wireless communications, neural networks, electrical circuits, transportation, and the world wide web. Examples are put forward in Mathematica throughout the book, together with packages for performing symbolic computations.




Jordan, Real and Lie Structures in Operator Algebras


Book Description

The theory of operator algebras acting on a Hilbert space was initiated in thirties by papers of Murray and von Neumann. In these papers they have studied the structure of algebras which later were called von Neu mann algebras or W* -algebras. They are weakly closed complex *-algebras of operators on a Hilbert space. At present the theory of von Neumann algebras is a deeply developed theory with various applications. In the framework of von Neumann algebras theory the study of fac tors (i.e. W* -algebras with trivial centres) is very important, since they are comparatively simple and investigation of general W* -algebras can be reduced to the case of factors. Therefore the theory of factors is one of the main tools in the structure theory of von Neumann algebras. In the middle of sixtieth Topping [To 1] and Stormer [S 2] have ini tiated the study of Jordan (non associative and real) analogues of von Neumann algebras - so called JW-algebras, i.e. real linear spaces of self adjoint opera.tors on a complex Hilbert space, which contain the identity operator 1. closed with respect to the Jordan (i.e. symmetrised) product INTRODUCTION 2 x 0 y = ~(Xy + yx) and closed in the weak operator topology. The structure of these algebras has happened to be close to the struc ture of von Neumann algebras and it was possible to apply ideas and meth ods similar to von Neumann algebras theory in the study of JW-algebras.




Probability on Real Lie Algebras


Book Description

This monograph is a progressive introduction to non-commutativity in probability theory, summarizing and synthesizing recent results about classical and quantum stochastic processes on Lie algebras. In the early chapters, focus is placed on concrete examples of the links between algebraic relations and the moments of probability distributions. The subsequent chapters are more advanced and deal with Wigner densities for non-commutative couples of random variables, non-commutative stochastic processes with independent increments (quantum Lévy processes), and the quantum Malliavin calculus. This book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the relations between algebra, probability, and quantum theory. It also addresses a more advanced audience by covering other topics related to non-commutativity in stochastic calculus, Lévy processes, and the Malliavin calculus.