Book Description

As a result of both rising low- income rates among immigrants, and their increasing share of the population, in Canada's major cities virtually all of the increase in the city low-income rates during the 1990s was concentrated among the immigrant population. [...] The change in the characteristics of immigrants (e.g., from different source regions, rising levels of educational attainment, etc.) appears to have accounted for about one-third of the increase in the earnings gap at entry (i.e., the gap between immigrants and comparable Canadian- born). [...] The earnings of the immigrants in each cohort are computed (as a proportion of the earnings of the Canadian-born) for the cohort after one to five years in Canada, six to ten years in Canada, and so on. [...] Among men, the cohort of the late 1970s earned 90% of that of the Canadian-born at entry3 and among the early 1990s cohort, this number had fallen to 67%. [...] This is typically done within a regression format that computes the log of the ratio of the earnings of immigrants to those of the Canadian-born.