An In-depth Examination of the Underrepresentation of Female Superintendents


Book Description

The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the contributing factors impacting a female administrator's decision regarding whether to obtain a superintendent certificate and whether to become a superintendent. The problem addressed is the need to have a more representative group of superintendents, which would include a higher percentage of female superintendents. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the researcher determined the contributing factors of why female leaders do not aspire to the superintendency. All female building principals and central office leaders in the 22 school districts of one suburban metropolitan county were invited to participate in the questionnaire and the sample size of participants was 40 women. Research questions included: (a) What factors influence women's decisions to obtain a superintendent certificate if they have already achieved a doctorate in an educational leadership related field?; (b) What factors influence women's decisions to not obtain a superintendent certificate if they have already achieved a doctorate in an educational leadership related field?; (c) What specific factors deter women from pursuing the superintendency if they have obtained a superintendent certificate?; (d) What specific factors persuade women to pursue the superintendency if they have pursued, or are currently pursuing the superintendency? Findings from this study revealed "politics" as a deterrent to the superintendency. Women also felt that work-life balance is impossible to obtain in a superintendent role, and they place a high value on balance. Women early and late in their administrative careers cited "timing" as a reason they have not pursued the superintendency yet. Women who planned to be superintendents shared a belief in themselves. Many of the women had also been told by other people that they should consider the superintendency, which gave them self-confidence.







The Under-Representation of Women Superintendents in the State of Louisiana


Book Description

Inequalities in the representation of women in higher administrative public school positions are a product of historical and societal patterns (M. Byrd-Blake, 2000). These patterns have determined the constraints women have faced and continue to face when they attempt to obtain administrative positions in public school systems. C. Shakeshaft (1999) stated that women represent the majority of the teaching profession (72%), but they represent the minority of top positions in education, (14%). According to S.A Davies-Netzley (1998), women continue to be at the bottom of the corporate organizational charts, have fewer chances for advancements, and earn less income than men in similar positions. S. Eakle's (1995) study on women superintendents in the United States revealed that out of 1,074, only 157 were women. This lack of gender balance and related inequities raises the question of whether women are treated inequitably with regard to national statistics on administrative hiring. According to the Louisiana State Directory, only 20 of the 64 superintendents are women, which doubled the national percentages. Yet, women remain under-represented in the position of superintendent. This book examined the career paths of five women superintendents in the state of Louisiana and the under-representation of women superintendents in this state as well. Personal interviews, observations, and document analysis was used to gather data for this book.




African American Women Serving as K-12 Superintendents


Book Description

While women comprise the majority of those employed in K-12 school districts, educational administrators who are women, especially African American women, are underrepresented in the superintendency position. Broadly, the position of superintendent is one of the most gender stratified occupations in K-12 school systems, and African American women who seek career advancement in these systems face challenges that are unique when compared to African American men and White men and women. In particular, African American women face social stigmas related to the challenges of sexism, racism, and classism in career advancement. The reality of intersectionality further complicates these barriers and can be experiential deterrents that impact African American women during their advancement to the position of K-12 public school superintendent. This study explored the lived experiences of seven African American women who have ascended to the position of K-12 public school superintendent. Findings obtained through this qualitative research revealed five themes: (1) spirituality, (2) dual bias status, (3) supportive relationships, (4) preparation, and (5) self-care. In sum, insights gained through these themes fills a gap in the literature by offering greater understanding on how to mitigate the underrepresentation of African American women in this position.




Breaking Through the Invisible Ceiling to the Superintendency for Black Women in Georgia


Book Description

The purpose of this general qualitative study was to attempt to understand the lived experiences of black female superintendents, an underrepresented group in the school superintendency. I sought to identify the supportive constructs leading to the superintendency, the barriers to overcome in pursuit of the superintendency, and how the black female superintendent experience has changed over time. We employed a purposive sample in the recruitment of study participants. The six participants of this study are retired and practicing black female superintendents in the state of Georgia. Three are retired and served 1984-1999, the period closest to the year of appointment of the first black female; the other three currently practice in GA, and they accepted their appointments during or after 2000. The primary means of data collection for this study was the use of semi-structured interviews. Through the utilization of coding, I was able to categorize then reduce chunks of data into meaningful units as I looked to connect the codes to provide insight or explain the phenomenon of the black female superintendency in GA. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate a set of themes surrounding the superintendents' experiences collected from the in-depth interviews to attempt to answer the research questions of the study. These themes were: (1) What are the lived experiences of black female superintendents in Georgia? (2) What obstacles or barriers do black female superintendents have to overcome? (3) What are the commonalities among experiences of black female superintendents? (4) How have the experiences of black female superintendents changed over time? The six themes identified in the data analysis include chartering new territory, the inner circle, race and gender matters, getting there, evolution of the black female superintendency, and second set of rules. Filtering boundaries and black feminist thought are the lenses, through which, I analyzed and interpreted the vulnerabilities of black women to screening-out processes in pursuit of executive school leadership and to determine if gender, racism, or race-related influences are barriers to the superintendency. Evidence from the study suggested that there are particular barriers that thwart the career advancement of black female educators in Georgia.







The Underrepresentation of African American Female Public School Superintendents


Book Description

Abstract Women, particularly African American women, have been underrepresented in educational administrative leadership at the level of public school district superintendent. Because so few women currently hold the position of public school district superintendent, studies on the characteristics of individuals who become public school district superintendents have almost exclusively been focused on men; therefore the role of school district superintendent has continued to elude very qualified women particularly African American women and other women of color who seek the position of superintendent. This study addressed the perceptions, barriers, and challenges which impede the advancement of African American females who aspire to the position of public school district superintendency. This study was limited to a sample size of six African American female superintendents. A narrative inquiry methodology utilized the semi-standardized interview which identified reoccurring themes. Reflections of successful African American female superintendents are revealed to encourage more African American female aspirants to seek the public school superintendency and thereby shattering the glass ceiling impacted by race and gender. The study provided implications for African American females who aspire to the superintendency, relative to preparation, practice, and policy.







Succeeding as a Female Superintendent


Book Description

"Succeeding as a Female Superintendent provides a comprehensive look at the journey that several female superintendents took in pursuit of the top school leadership position. Real-life stories relate what these women encountered and how they dealt with a wide variety of issues. Suzanne L. Gilmour and Mary P. Kinsella share insights from interviews with a number of female superintendents and ask readers pertinent questions, urging them to reflect and write about their own readiness for the superintendency."--BOOK JACKET.




Women Leading School Systems


Book Description

This study, commissioned by the American Association of School Administrators, examines women in superintendent positions, including assistant, associate, and deputy superintendents. Using a survey of about 1,200 women, Bruneer (educational policy and administration, U. of Minnesota) and Grogan (educational leadership and policy analysis, U. of Mis