An Introduction to Contact Resistance


Book Description

Contact resistance is both an old and new topic. It is old because fundamentals of the semiconductor-metal contacts were established in the 1930s even earlier than the study on Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). The new knowledge is on material and integration aspects for contact resistance reduction. As the MOSFETs become smaller and smaller, device parasitics start to domoniate performance since the 2010s. The resistance part in MOSFET RC delay is mainly from external parasitics particularly the contact resistance. In the past decade, 3D MOSFETs, also named FinFETs, became the device structure in leading semiconductor technology. The 3D structure brings a unique opportunity for engineering the contact resistance. In physics, this book introduces MOSFET device electronics and contact physics. In material science, a variety of contact metals and silicides are covered. In electrical characterization, test structures and measurements of contact resistance are discussed in depth. In technology, state-of-the-art process techniques, material engineering, and integration for contact resistance reduction are introduced. This book can serve as a reference book for students in electrical engineering and material science major and professionals in semiconductor industry.




Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance


Book Description

Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications Single source reference on how applying thermal spreading and contact resistance can solve problems across a variety of engineering fields Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications offers comprehensive coverage of the key information that engineers need to know to understand thermal spreading and contact resistance, including numerous predictive models for determining thermal spreading resistance and contact conductance of mechanical joints and interfaces, plus detailed examples throughout the book. Written by two of the leading experts in the field, Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications includes information on: Contact conductance, mass transfer, transport from super-hydrophobic surfaces, droplet/surface phase change problems, and tribology applications such as sliding surfaces and roller bearings Heat transfer in micro-devices and thermal spreaders, orthotropic systems, and multi-source applications for electronics thermal management applications Fundamental principles, thermal spreading in isotropic half-space regions, circular flux tubes and disc spreaders, and rectangular flux channels and compound spreaders Systems with non-uniform sink plane conductance, transient spreading resistance, and contact resistance between both non-conforming and conforming rough surfaces Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, Thermal Spreading and Contact Resistance: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential resource for mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineers working on research in the fields of heat transfer, thermal management of electronics, and tribology, as well as thermal engineers and researchers in the field of thermal physics.




Contact Resistance and the Effects of Materials and Process Variables on Contact Resistance and Contact Reliability in Switching Devices


Book Description

This technical memorandum reports on the problems of manufacturing high-reliability switch devices. Materials and process variables which affect contact resistance are discussed, and recommendations concerning materials and processes are made.




Resistance


Book Description

A pair of siblings' bucolic French town is almost untouched by the ravages of WWII. When their friend goes into hiding and his Jewish parents disappear, they realize they must take a stand.




Rules for Resistance


Book Description

Some of us have been here before. Many people living today in America and around the world have direct experience with countries where an autocrat has seized control. Others have seen charismatic, populist leaders come to power within democracies and dramatically change the rules of the road for the public, activists, and journalists alike. In Rules for Resistance, writers from Russia, Turkey, India, Hungary, Chile, China, Canada, Italy, and elsewhere tell Americans what to expect under our own new regime, and give us guidance for living—and for resisting—in the Trump era. Advice includes being on the watch for the prosecution of political opponents, the use of libel laws to attack critics, the gutting of non-partisan institutions, and the selective application of the law. A special section on the challenges for journalists reporting on and under a leader like Donald Trump addresses issues of free speech, the importance of press protections, and the critical role of investigative journalists in an increasingly closed society. An introduction by ACLU legal director David Cole looks at the crucial role institutions have in preserving democracy and resisting autocracy. A chilling but necessary collection, Rules for Resistance distills the collective knowledge and wisdom of those who “have seen this video before.”




Electric Contacts


Book Description

This book is a completely revised and rewritten edition of "Electric Contacts Handbook" published in 1958. A large number of new in vestigations are considered, and many of the basic theories are revised in detail and even in general. The body of information had to be limited as it was not advisable to increase the volume of the book. In particular, no attempt was made to cover all of the practical applications. They appear as examples following concentrated explanations of basic phenomena. As in several branches of technology, the solutions of problems ari sing in the field of electric contacts involve insight into various disci plines of physics. It is feit that reviews of some of those topics, especi ally adapted to electric contact phenomena, are welcome to many readers. For example, chapters have been devoted to the structure of carbon, the band theory of electric conduction in solids, certain pro blems in statistics, and the theory of the electric arc. As regards arc problems, new ideas have been introduced. In order to make the main text less cumbersome, such reviews are presented as appendices. Throughout this edition, the mksa-unit system is used in accord with the latest recommendation for standardization of units in scientific and technical writings. The chapter "History of Early Investigations on Contacts" forming Part IV in the preceding edition of 1958 has not been repeated in this book.




An Introduction to Carbon Nanotubes


Book Description

Nanotechnology means technology with nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are defined as materials with at least one dimension of them of a nano size. A nano meter (nm) is an SI (Systéme International d’Unités) unit of length 10-9 m or a distance of one-billionth of a meter. At this exceedingly small size, you are talking about a few/finite number of atoms or molecules. Tubes have two dimensions, a diameter, and a length, and out of these two dimensions, the length dimension will be much greater than the other one. And in nanomaterials the least dimension will be of nano size. Hence, nanotubes will have their diameters of nano size. Carbon nanotubes are made up of carbon atoms. They can be considered miniature cylinders. At present only carbon nanotubes are known in the class of nanotubes. Hence, the rest of the book will mention carbon nanotubes as simply nanotubes.




ISTFA 2010


Book Description




Electrical Contacts


Book Description

Covering the choice, attachment, and testing of contact materials, Electrical Contacts introduces a thorough discussion on making electric contact and contact interface conduction, presents a general outline of, and measurement techniques for, important corrosion mechanisms, discusses the results of contact wear when plug-in connections are made and broken, investigates the effect of thin noble metal plating on electronic connections, relates crucial considerations for making high- and low-power contact joints, details arcing effects on contacts including contact erosion, welding, and contamination, and contains nearly 2800 references, tables, equations, drawings, and photographs.




Critical Resistance


Book Description

This book serves as both an introduction to the concept of resistance in poststructuralist thought and an original contribution to the continuing philosophical discussion of this topic. How can a body of thought that mistrusts universal principles explain the possibility of critical resistance? Without appeals to abstract norms, how can emancipatory resistance be distinguished from domination? Can there be a poststructuralist ethics? David Hoy explores these crucial questions through lucid readings of Nietzsche, Foucault, Bourdieu, Derrida, and others. He traces the genealogy of resistance from Nietzsche's break with the Cartesian concept of consciousness to Foucault's and Bourdieu's theories of how subjects are formed through embodied social practices. He also considers Levinas, Heidegger, and Derrida on the sources of ethical resistance. Finally, in light of current social theory from Judith Butler to Slavoj Zizek, he challenges "poststructuralism" as a category and suggests the term "post-critique" as a more accurate description of contemporary Continental philosophy. Hoy is a leading American scholar of poststructuralism. Critical Resistance is the only book in English that deals substantively with the topical concept of resistance in relation to poststructuralist thought, discussions of which have dominated Continental social thought for many years.