An Introduction to Logic


Book Description




An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic


Book Description

This revised and considerably expanded 2nd edition brings together a wide range of topics, including modal, tense, conditional, intuitionist, many-valued, paraconsistent, relevant, and fuzzy logics. Part 1, on propositional logic, is the old Introduction, but contains much new material. Part 2 is entirely new, and covers quantification and identity for all the logics in Part 1. The material is unified by the underlying theme of world semantics. All of the topics are explained clearly using devices such as tableau proofs, and their relation to current philosophical issues and debates are discussed. Students with a basic understanding of classical logic will find this book an invaluable introduction to an area that has become of central importance in both logic and philosophy. It will also interest people working in mathematics and computer science who wish to know about the area.




An Introduction to Formal Logic


Book Description

Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.




A Concise Introduction to Logic


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An Introductory Text Book of Logic


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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.




Abstract Algebraic Logic. an Introductory Textbook


Book Description

Abstract algebraic logic is the more general and abstract side of algebraic logic, the branch of mathematics that studies the connections between logics and their algebra-based semantics. This emerging subfield of mathematical logic consolidated since the 1980s, and is considered as the algebraic logic of the twenty-first century; as such it is increasingly becoming an indispensable tool to approach the algebraic study of any (mainly sentential) logic in a systematic way. This book is an introductory textbook on abstract algebraic logic, and takes a bottom-up approach, treating first logics with a simpler algebraic study, such as Rasiowa's implicative logics, and then guides readers, by means of successive steps of generalization and abstraction, to meet more and more complicated algebra-based semantics. An entire chapter is devoted to Blok and Pigozzi's theory of algebraizable logics, proving the main theorems and incorporating later developments by other scholars. After a chapter with the basics of the classical theory of matrices, one chapter is devoted to an in-depth exposition of the semantics of generalized matrices. There are also two more avanced chapters providing introductions to the two hierachies that organize the logical landscape according to the criteria of abstract algebraic logic, the Leibniz hierarchy and the Frege hierarchy. All throughout the book, particular care is devoted to the presentation and classification of dozens of examples of particular logics. The book is addressed to mathematicians and logicians with little or no previous exposure to algebraic logic. Some acquaintance with examples of non-classical logics is desirable in order to appreciate the extremely general theory. The book is written with students (or beginners in the field) in mind, and combines a textbook style in its main sections, including more than 400 carefully graded exercises, with a survey style in the exposition of some research directions. The book includes scattered historical notes and numerous bibliographic references.




Beginning Logic


Book Description

"One of the most careful and intensive among the introductory texts that can be used with a wide range of students. It builds remarkably sophisticated technical skills, a good sense of the nature of a formal system, and a solid and extensive background for more advanced work in logic. . . . The emphasis throughout is on natural deduction derivations, and the text's deductive systems are its greatest strength. Lemmon's unusual procedure of presenting derivations before truth tables is very effective." --Sarah Stebbins, The Journal of Symbolic Logic




Introduction to Logic


Book Description

Introduction to Logic combines likely the broadest scope of any logic textbook available with clear, concise writing and interesting examples and arguments. Its key features, all retained in the Second Edition, include: • simpler ways to test arguments than those available in competing textbooks, including the star test for syllogisms • a wide scope of materials, making it suitable for introductory logic courses (as the primary text) or intermediate classes (as the primary or supplementary book) • engaging and easy-to-understand examples and arguments, drawn from everyday life as well as from the great philosophers • a suitability for self-study and for preparation for standardized tests, like the LSAT • a reasonable price (a third of the cost of many competitors) • exercises that correspond to the LogiCola program, which may be downloaded for free from the web. This Second Edition also: • arranges chapters in a more useful way for students, starting with the easiest material and then gradually increasing in difficulty • provides an even broader scope with new chapters on the history of logic, deviant logic, and the philosophy of logic • expands the section on informal fallacies • includes a more exhaustive index and a new appendix on suggested further readings • updates the LogiCola instructional program, which is now more visually attractive as well as easier to download, install, update, and use.




Logic: The Basics


Book Description

Logic: The Basics is an accessible introduction to several core areas of logic. The first part of the book features a self-contained introduction to the standard topics in classical logic, such as: · mathematical preliminaries · propositional logic · quantified logic (first monadic, then polyadic) · English and standard ‘symbolic translations’ · tableau procedures. Alongside comprehensive coverage of the standard topics, this thoroughly revised second edition also introduces several philosophically important nonclassical logics, free logics, and modal logics, and gives the reader an idea of how they can take their knowledge further. With its wealth of exercises (solutions available in the encyclopedic online supplement), Logic: The Basics is a useful textbook for courses ranging from the introductory level to the early graduate level, and also as a reference for students and researchers in philosophical logic.