Analysis of the Impact of Out-Grower Schemes on the Wellbeing of Small-Scale Tobacco Farmers


Book Description

Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: 2.98, University of Lusaka, language: English, abstract: Out-grower schemes as an appropriate model for improving livelihoods of people in rural areas need to be recommended. This is because out-grower schemes provide access to agricultural inputs and market to the rural farmers. These services seem to be scarce, especially in a liberalized economy like Zambia. However, there are debates as whether out-grower schemes have been beneficial to farmers or not. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the impact of tobacco out-grower schemes on the economic well-being of farmers at Mugubudu tobacco out-grower scheme of Chipata District. To do this, the study employed non-experimental cross sectional research design. 150 questionnaires were distributed to solicit data from 150 randomly selected small scale tobacco farmers using a tobacco farmers' register as sample frame. The salient findings of the study were that tobacco out-grower schemes had improved the well-being of small scale tobacco farmers. Indicators for this improvement were that small scale tobacco farmers had acquired assets and their consumption expenditure had increased. However, the study established that lack of information as regard to contract contents, insufficiency of extension services, pricing system, environmental hazards and debt from inputs loans as factors that can choke the strides made by out-grower schemes. The study recommended that information is be provided in local languages as this will reduce the current difficulties as many of agro-literature is published in English. It is necessary that there is improved collaboration, dialogue and negotiation among all stakeholders namely the Ministry of Agriculture through the regulatory body Tobacco Board of Zambia (TBZ), out-grower firms and farmers association on issues such as pricing, dissemination of information and loan management. The quantity of extension se




Analysis of the Impact of Out-Grower Schemes on the Wellbeing of Small-Scale Tobacco Farmers


Book Description

Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: 2.98, University of Lusaka, language: English, abstract: Out-grower schemes as an appropriate model for improving livelihoods of people in rural areas need to be recommended. This is because out-grower schemes provide access to agricultural inputs and market to the rural farmers. These services seem to be scarce, especially in a liberalized economy like Zambia. However, there are debates as whether out-grower schemes have been beneficial to farmers or not. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the impact of tobacco out-grower schemes on the economic well-being of farmers at Mugubudu tobacco out-grower scheme of Chipata District. To do this, the study employed non-experimental cross sectional research design. 150 questionnaires were distributed to solicit data from 150 randomly selected small scale tobacco farmers using a tobacco farmers' register as sample frame. The salient findings of the study were that tobacco out-grower schemes had improved the well-being of small scale tobacco farmers. Indicators for this improvement were that small scale tobacco farmers had acquired assets and their consumption expenditure had increased. However, the study established that lack of information as regard to contract contents, insufficiency of extension services, pricing system, environmental hazards and debt from inputs loans as factors that can choke the strides made by out-grower schemes. The study recommended that information is be provided in local languages as this will reduce the current difficulties as many of agro-literature is published in English. It is necessary that there is improved collaboration, dialogue and negotiation among all stakeholders namely the Ministry of Agriculture through the regulatory body Tobacco Board of Zambia (TBZ), out-grower firms and farmers association on issues such as pricing, dissemination of information and loan management. The quantity of extension services should be increased and quality improved to enhance productivity which would consequently improve income well-being. Finally, government should make it as policy for tobacco out-grower schemes to embrace efforts of sustainable environmental management as failure to do so have the potential to erode strides made so far in improving the well-being of small-scale tobacco farmers.




Farming Systems and Poverty


Book Description

A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.




Tobacco's Hidden Children


Book Description

Methodology -- I. Tobacco farming in the United States -- II. Child tobacco workers in the United States -- III. Health and safety -- IV. Hours, wages, and education -- V. International legal standards -- VI. Obligations of the US government to protect child farmworkers -- VII. Responsibilities of businesses purchasing tobacco in the United States -- VIII. Recommendations -- Acknowledgments.



















Teens of the Tobacco Fields


Book Description

"Each year, children work on tobacco farms in the United States, where they are exposed to nicotine, toxic pesticides, and other dangers. The US government has failed to protect children from hazardous work in tobacco farming. Since 2014, some tobacco companies have prohibited the employment of children under 16 on farms from which they purchase tobacco. These policies are an important step forward, but they exclude 16 and 17-year-old children. This report is based on interviews with 26 children ages 16 and 17, as well as parents, health experts, and tobacco growers. It documents the dangers of tobacco farming for 16 and 17 year olds. Most teenage children interviewed suffered symptoms consistent with acute nicotine poisoning. Many also reported working in or near fields that were being sprayed with pesticides and becoming ill. Several tobacco companies prohibit children under 18 from many hazardous tobacco farming tasks, but none have policies sufficient to protect all children from danger. Teenage children are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of the work because their brains are still developing. Nicotine exposure during adolescence has been associated with mood disorders, and problems with memory, attention, impulse control, and cognition later in life. Human Rights Watch calls on tobacco companies and the US government and Congress to take urgent action to ban all children under 18 from hazardous work on tobacco farms"--Publisher's description.