› › Analytical Modeling And Design Of High Efficiency Fully Integrated Switched Capacitor Dc Dc Converters And A High Voltage Current Regulator

Analytical Modeling and Design of High Efficiency Fully-integrated Switched-capacitor DC-DC Converters and a High-voltage Current Regulator

Author : Anurag Veerabathini

Publisher :

Page : 250 pages

File Size : 35,27 MB

Release : 2018

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

A high-voltage micro-ampere current regulator is introduced that ensures a constant ion current in order to stabilize measurements in analytical ion instruments. The current regulator is placed in series with a high-voltage power supply and a corona discharge ionization source. The proposed current regulator stabilizes the current in the corona without requiring a portion of the corona ion current sampled. The current regulator includes a first feedback circuit to provide rapidly-adapting current regulation, and an optional secondary feedback which provide slowly-adapting current regulation. The secondary feedback circuit senses the voltage across the high-voltage current regulator and slowly varies a high-voltage power supply to improve the long-term stability. Measured results demonstrate 10 kV of isolation and an adjustable current range from 1 to 50 [mu]A.



Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits

Author : Bernhard Wicht

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 484 pages

File Size : 10,71 MB

Release : 2024-07-22

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1119123062

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Book Description

Comprehensive resource on power management ICs affording new levels of functionality and applications with cost reduction in various fields Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits is a comprehensive reference for power management IC design, covering the circuit design of main power management circuits like linear and switched-mode voltage regulators, along with sub-circuits such as power switches, gate drivers and their supply, level shifters, the error amplifier, current sensing, and control loop design. Circuits for protection and diagnostics, as well as aspects of the physical design like lateral and vertical power delivery, pin-out, floor planning, grounding/supply guidelines, and packaging, are also addressed. A full chapter is dedicated to the design of integrated passives. The text illustrates the application of power management integrated circuits (PMIC) to growth areas like computing, the internet of Things, mobility, and renewable energy. Includes numerous real-world examples, case studies, and exercises illustrating key design concepts and techniques. Offering a unique insight into this rapidly evolving technology through the author's experience developing PMICs in both the industrial and academic environment, Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits includes information on: Capacitive, inductive and hybrid DC-DC converters and their essential circuit blocks, covering error amplifiers, comparators, and ramp generators Sensing, protection, and diagnostics, covering thermal protection, inductive loads and clamping structures, under-voltage, reference and power-on reset generation Integrated MOS, MOM and MIM capacitors, integrated inductors Control loop design and PWM generation ensuring stability and fast transient response; subharmonic oscillations in current mode control (analysis and circuit design for slope compensation) DC behavior and DC-related circuit design, covering power efficiency, line and load regulation, error amplifier, dropout, and power transistor sizing Commonly used level shifters (including sizing rules) and cascaded (tapered) driver sizing and optimization guidelines Optimizing the physical design considering packaging, floor planning, EMI, pinout, PCB design and thermal design Design of Power Management Integrated Circuits is an essential resource on the subject for circuit designers/IC designers, system engineers, and application engineers, along with advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in related programs of study.



CMOS Integrated Capacitive DC-DC Converters

Author : Tom Van Breussegem

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 219 pages

File Size : 49,96 MB

Release : 2012-07-25

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 146144280X

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Book Description

This book provides a detailed analysis of all aspects of capacitive DC-DC converter design: topology selection, control loop design and noise mitigation. Readers will benefit from the authors’ systematic overview that starts from the ground up, in-depth circuit analysis and a thorough review of recently proposed techniques and design methodologies. Not only design techniques are discussed, but also implementation in CMOS is shown, by pinpointing the technological opportunities of CMOS and demonstrating the implementation based on four state-of-the-art prototypes.



Design Techniques for Fully Integrated Switched-Capacitor Voltage Regulators

Author : HANH-PHUC LE

Publisher :

Page : 77 pages

File Size : 25,35 MB

Release : 2013

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

As parallelism increases the number of cores integrated onto a chip, there is a clear need for fully integrated DC-DC converters to enable efficient on-die power management. Due to the availability of high density and low series resistance capacitors in existing CMOS processes, switched-capacitor DC-DC converters have recently gained significant interest as a cost-effective means of enabling such power management functionality. In this thesis, described are design techniques to implement fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converters with high power density and efficiency. The area required by a fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converter in order to deliver a certain level of power to the load has direct implications on both cost and efficiency, and hence in Chapter 2 a methodology is presented to predict and minimize the losses of such a converter operating at a given power density. Chapter 3 further introduces gate driver and level shifter circuit design strategies to enable topology reconfiguration and hence efficient generation of a wider range of output voltages. In order to demonstrate the possibility of replacing all off-chip PMICs, Chapter 4 presents a battery-connected switched-capacitor DC-DC converter that is able to convert the wide input voltage range from Li-ion battery to an output regulated at ~1V using cascode switches and intermediate voltage rails. The SC converter in Chapter 4 also employs a fast control loop to regulate the output with sub-ns response times. Measured results from the converters presented in Chapters 3 and 4 match with the analytical prediction and, thus, confirm the design methodology presented in Chapter 2. The 32nm SOI prototype presented in Chapter 3 achieves ~80% efficiency at a power density of ~0.5-1W/mm2 for a 2:1 step-down converter operating from a 2V input and utilizing only standard MOS capacitors. Reconfiguration of the converter's topology enables it to maintain greater than 70% efficiency for most of the output voltage range from 0.7V to ~1.15V. The 65nm Bulk CMOS prototype discussed in Chapter 4 also utilizes only standard MOS capacitors to regulate the output voltage at ~1V from a ~2.9V-4V input. It achieves ~73% efficiency at 0.19 W/mm2 output power density and maintain efficiency above 72% over the whole range of target power density. The sub-ns response control loop maintains



Advanced Multiphasing Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converters

Author : Nicolas Butzen

Publisher : Springer

Page : 160 pages

File Size : 50,71 MB

Release : 2021-07-05

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9783030387372

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Book Description

This book gives a detailed analysis of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters that are entirely integrated on a single chip and establishes that these converters are mainly limited by the large parasitic coupling, the low capacitor energy density, and the fact that switched-capacitor converter topologies only have a fixed voltage conversion ratio. The authors introduce the concept of Advanced Multiphasing as a way to circumvent these limitations by having multiple out-of-phase parallel converter cores interact with each other to minimize capacitor charging losses, leading to several techniques that demonstrate record efficiency and power-density, and even a fundamentally new type of switched-capacitor topology that has a continuously-scalable conversion ratio. Provides single-source reference to the recently-developed Advanced Multiphasing concept; Enables greatly improved performance and capabilities in fully integrated switched-capacitor converters; Enables readers to design DC-DC converters, where multiple converter cores are put in parallel and actively interact with each other over several phases to improve their capabilities.



Integrated Hybrid Resonant DCDC Converters

Author : Peter Renz

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 181 pages

File Size : 30,88 MB

Release : 2020-12-29

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3030639444

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Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive, single-source on resonant switched-capacitor converters. It is written in the style of a handbook, with systematic guidelines, and includes implementation examples. The authors explore integrated hybrid resonant DCDC converters in order to achieve highly compact, energy efficient and cost-effective power management solutions in the growing fields of wearables and internet-of-things applications. They provide an introduction into hybrid converters as a new and promising converter class, which merges capacitive and inductive conversion concepts into one. Coverage ranges from fundamentals to implementation details, including topics such as power stage design, gate drive schemes, different control mechanisms for resonant operation and integrated passives. Introduces a new, multi-ratio resonant converter architecture, which enables lower switching frequencies and better passive component utilization; Discusses circuit block design for high efficiency of the power stage; Explores implementation details and concepts for integrated passives; Derives models, implements and compares to each other different control mechanisms.



On-chip Buck-boost Switched-capacitor DC-DC Converter

Author : Chaohao Wang

Publisher :

Page : pages

File Size : 28,73 MB

Release : 2014

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

The increasing integration level of CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) poses significant challenges for the power delivery network. Multiple independent power domains, each of them individually adjustable, are desirable for complex ICs to optimize the tradeoff between performance and energy consumption. A two-stage power management system, in which a first-stage global converter with a large down conversion ratio is followed by multiple second-stage local regulators for different power domains, fits well in modern power delivery networks. The first stage can be built with conventional, fully optimized DC-DC converters, while the second stage requires flexible, high-density, and high-efficiency on-chip DC-DC converters. With the enhanced fabrication capability of high-density on-chip capacitors, the switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter becomes a perfect candidate for these second-stage on-chip regulators. This dissertation presents the architecture, modeling and design techniques for the development of fully integrated on-chip SC DC-DC converters for the purpose of local regulation. The proposed converter can step up or down the voltage based on the output requirement and circuit performance. Using the unit cell array approach, conversion ratios of n/(n+1) with buck configurations and (n+1)/n with boost configurations are achievable when n cells are grouped as a single converter. Thus, adequate topologies exist to provide a large range of output voltage with high efficiency. A prototype chip with 204 unit cells and nine different finely spaced buck and boost topologies was designed and fabricated in a 45nm bulk CMOS technology. The input is 1V, and the output ranges from 0.58V to 1.3V. The SC converter achieves a peak efficiency of 82.2% at a maximum power density of 0.16W/mm2. Furthermore, the efficiency varies by only 4.2% over the output voltage range. A digital algorithm for closed loop control was implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to demonstrate that performance regulation using this type of converter can match circuit performance requirements and compensate for operating conditions or process variations. This dissertation also projects the potential improvements in SC converters with more advanced technology nodes as well as capacitor density scaling, such as using special on-chip capacitor processes like Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors and deep trench capacitors.



High-Ratio Voltage Conversion in CMOS for Efficient Mains-Connected Standby

Author : Hans Meyvaert

Publisher : Springer

Page : 161 pages

File Size : 26,10 MB

Release : 2016-05-24

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3319312073

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Book Description

This book describes synergetic innovation opportunities offered by combining the field of power conversion with the field of integrated circuit (IC) design. The authors demonstrate how integrating circuits enables increased operation frequency, which can be exploited in power converters to reduce drastically the size of the discrete passive components. The authors introduce multiple power converter circuits, which are very compact as result of their high level of integration. First, the limits of high-power-density low-voltage monolithic switched-capacitor DC-DC conversion are investigated to enable on-chip power granularization. AC-DC conversion from the mains to a low voltage DC is discussed, enabling an efficient and compact, lower-power auxiliary power supply to take over the power delivery during the standby mode of mains-connected appliances, allowing the main power converter of these devices to be shut down fully.



Selected Topics in Power, RF, and Mixed-Signal ICs

Author : Yan Lu

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 187 pages

File Size : 47,27 MB

Release : 2022-09-01

Category : Science

ISBN : 1000796191

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Book Description

Driven by advanced CMOS technology, power management units, RF transceivers, and sensors, analog and mixed-signal circuits can now be fully integrated with VLSI digital systems for applications ranging from mobile, internet-of-things (IoT), wearable, and implantable medical devices. Evidently, the circuit- and system-level innovations have pushed the device performance boundaries to become orders of magnitude higher, whilst keeping the same or even lower power consumption.Selected Topic in Power, RF, and Mixed-Signal ICs provides a practical overview and state-of-the-art advancements on several selected topics in the areas of power, RF, and mixed-signal integrated circuits and systems.Topics covered in the book include:• Very-High-Frequency DC-DC Switching Converters• Analog and Digital Low-Dropout Regulators• Analog and Digital Sub-Sampling Frequency Synthesizers• Hybrid ADC Architecture with Digital Assisted Techniques• CMOS Image Sensors and Their Biomedical Applications• CMOS Temperature Sensors• CMOS Millimeter-Wave Power Amplifiers• Zigbee/BLE Transmitter for IoT Applications



High-Performance Integrated Charge Pumps

Author : Andrea Ballo

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 171 pages

File Size : 11,58 MB

Release : 2023-10-09

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3031435974

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Book Description

This book enables readers to gain a deep understanding of the challenges related to the design of a charge pump (CP). Analysis, modeling, design strategies and topologies are treated in detail. Novel and high-performance CP topologies and related design are organized in a coherent manner, with particular care devoted to ultra-low power and energy harvesting applications. The authors provide basic theoretical foundations as needed, in order to set the stage for readers’ comprehension of analyses and results. Exhaustive methodologies are presented and analytical derivations are included, enabling readers to gain insight on the main dependencies among the relevant circuit parameters. Although the material is presented in a formal and theoretical manner, emphasis is on the design perspective, using many practical examples and measured results.