Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms III


Book Description

Lifestyle, in any part of the world, is associated with the occurrence of major chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke; many distinct types of cancer; and adult onset diabetes (11,22,70,75). One important element of lifestyle is tobacco use, which appreciably increases the risk of a number of chronic diseases (21). Other lifestyle factors relate to nutritional traditions, alcohol use, and exercise (11,30,58,60,70,71). The underlying evidence is, in part, based on the evidence of specific diseases in relation to dietary habits in a given geographic region, as well as changes in such disease occurrences in migrant populations from a low risk to a high risk area, and vice versa (25,42). Populations that customarily consume fruits and vegetables and also whole grain cereal products generally have a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases and specific types of cancer than populations with a lower intake of such foods, everything else being equal (63). In the last few years, research has provided mechanistic explanations as to the reasons for the protective effects of specific foods. This paper will emphasize the mechanisms whereby cancer risks are reduced by dietary modification.




Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms II


Book Description

The papers are arranged in eight sections, addressing: antimutagens in food; antimutagens and anticarcinogens in environmental toxicology; free radicals; antitumor initiators; antitumor promoters; aspects of mammalian and human genetics; molecular aspects of mutagenesis and antimutageneis; and oncog







Advances in Nutrition and Cancer 2


Book Description

This volume includes contributions presented at the Second International Sym posium on Nutrition and Cancer, held in Naples, Italy, in October 1998 at the National Tumor Institute "Fondazione Pascale." During the Conference, experts from different disciplines discussed pivotal and timely subjects on the interactions between human nutrition and the development of malignancies. Comparing the themes of this Meeting with those discussed at the First Sympo sium in 1992, the major scientific advancements certainly derive from the extensive use of molecular approaches to perform research in nutrition. Moreover, the fundamental observation of R. Doll and R. Peto (1981), which suggested that at least 35% of all cancers (with large differences among different tumors) might be prevented by dietary regimens, has been definitively confirmed by epidemiological studies. On the other hand, the relationships between diet and cancer are quite intricate and complex; it is difficult, and at the same time not methodologically correct, to reduce them to simple terms. Metabolic and hormonal factors, contaminants and biological agents, and deficiency of specific protective nutrients are all pieces of the same puzzle.




Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet


Book Description

Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.







Food Chemical Risk Analysis


Book Description

Food Chemical Risk Analysis provides an introduction to the sciences of food chemistry and risk analysis and demonstrates how the potential hazards associated with food chemicals can be assessed and managed. Food scares are never far from the news and particular attention is therefore focused on the consumer perception of risk and risk communication. Leading international experts provide unique insights in the future of food chemical risk analysis. Chapters on alternatives to animal testing show how emerging methods offer the prospect of a more rational human-based approach to toxicity testing. Discussions about relative risks and protective factors highlight the possibility that risks from food can be over-estimated and approaches to avoid such risks are proposed. The science of risk management is presented as more than just a method for translating science into policy by demonstrating how social, psychological, economic ethical and other factors can, and should be taken into account. The book makes it clear that if risk communication is to be effective, an integrated approach to risk analysis must be adopted.




The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease


Book Description

The medicinal uses of Curcumin (also called turmeric) have been known and described for more than 5000 years. A large body of recent research suggests that curcumin is potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, through modulation of numerous molecular targets. This is the first monograph to focus on the potential use of curcumin in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, psoriasis and more.




Mutagenesis


Book Description

The complexity of problem understanding biochemical and molecular basis of healthy life, and eagerness to find simple solution necessitate evolution of technology like mutagenesis. The chapters of this book contain experiences of scientists working in the area of mutagenesis. It describes suitable experimental models (microorganism, plants or animals) for testing spontaneous and induced mutations which are useful for basic and translational research. It includes methods towards gene targeting, developing disease and pest resistant plants, creating temperature sensitive molecular machines, understanding mitochondrial mutagenesis, detecting anti-mutagens, improving genetic insight into impaired immunity and disease. It also describes mutagenesis induced by DNA damage. It has also provided advantage of in vitro transcription and translation to yield proteins with point mutations, deletions or insertions for studying stability, DNA-protein or protein-protein interaction. Trust, it will serve readers as valuable integrated resources emphasizing methods of mutagenesis, and understanding mechanism of variable penetrance or expressivity of mutations.




Biotechnologies and Genetics in Plant Mutation Breeding


Book Description

"An indispensable source for researchers, teachers, and graduate and postgraduate students interested in mutation breeding and genetic engineering. It introduces readers to contemporary knowledge and state-of-the-art technologies in the field of mutation breeding, including fundamental mechanisms and applications. . . . It will provide new directions, and avenues for enhancement of food security and food quality by using the latest techniques for the 'mutation as breeding' approach." - From Prof. Jameel M. Al-Khayri, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia This comprehensive three-volume set book aims to help combat the challenge of providing enough food for the world by the use of advanced genetic processes to improve crop production, both in quantity and quality. Volume 1: Mutagenesis and Crop Improvement discusses mutagenesis, cytotoxicity, and crop improvement, covering the processes, mutagenic effectiveness, and mechanisms. The volume emphasizes the improvement of agronomic characteristics by manipulating the genotype of plant species, resulting in increased productivity. Volume 2: Revolutionizing Plant Biology covers the use of mutagenesis and biotechnology to explore the variability of mutant genes for crop improvement. The chapters deal with in-vitro mutagenesis to exploit the somaclonal variations induced in cell culture and highlight the importance of in-vitro mutagenesis in inducing salt resistance, heat resistance, and drought resistance. Volume 3: Mechanisms for Genetic Manipulation of Plants and Plant Mutants reviews the genetic engineering techniques used to mutate genes and to incorporate them into different plant species of cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits. Also discussed are the principles of genetic engineering by which desired genes can be transferred from plants to animals to microorganisms and vice versa.