The King's Debts
Author : Richard Bonney
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 35,36 MB
Release : 1981
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Author : Richard Bonney
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 35,36 MB
Release : 1981
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Author : Mauritius
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 22,4 MB
Release : 2001
Category : Law
ISBN :
Author : William Doyle
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 29,34 MB
Release : 1996
Category : History
ISBN : 9780198205364
In ancien regime France almost all posts of public responsibility had to be bought or inherited. Rather than tax their richer subjects directly, French kings preferred to sell them privileged public offices, which further payments allowed them to sell or bequeath at will. By the eighteenthcentury there were 70,000 venal offices, comprising the entire judiciary, most of the legal profession, officers in the army, and a wide range of other professions - from financiers handling the king's revenues down to auctioneers and even wigmakers. Though now yielding diminishing returns to theking, offices were more in demand than ever for the privileges and prestige, profit and power, that they conferred; and although it was widely accepted that selling public authority was undesirable, nobody imagined that those who had invested in offices could ever be bought out. The Revolutionbrought an unexpected opportunity to do so, but the legacy of venality has marked French institutions down to our day. William Doyle, one of the foremost historians of early modern Europe, has written the first comprehensive history of the last century of venality. He traces the evolution and dissolution of a system which was fundamental to the workings of state and society in France for over threecenturies.
Author : J. F. Bosher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,89 MB
Release : 1970-11-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521077644
The monarchy of Louis XVI suffered revolution and then destruction after failing to settle its financial difficulties. What precisely were those difficulties? In this book, Professor Bosher shows that the monarchy was financed by a chaotic system of private enterprise which proved increasingly unmanageable and wasteful. Hundreds of profit-seeking accountants - 'capitalists', in the language of the time - stood in the way of reform and even of clear accounting until governments of the French Revolution eventually nationalized the financial system and changed it 'from capitalism into a bureaucracy'. From his close study of the administrative changes Professor Bosher concludes that the National Assembly planned to guard the public finances by bureaucratic organization. 'With a vision of mechanical efficiency and articulation', he writes, 'systems of clock-like checks and balances such as eighteenth-century Frenchmen found everywhere, even in nature itself, the revolutionary planners hoped to prevent corruption, putting their faith in the virtues of organization to offset the vices of the individual men.'
Author : Luigi Andrea Berto
Publisher : Brepols Pub
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 15,30 MB
Release : 2013
Category : History
ISBN : 9782503531595
The Istoria Veneticorum, a chronicle attributed to John the Deacon, chaplain and ambassador of the Venetian Duke Peter Orseolo II (991-1008), is of fundamental importance for the reconstruction of early medieval Venetian history. In addition to being the only historical narrative of that period, it covers the entire early Middle Ages, from the invasion of the Lombards in 569, an action that forced a part of the Veneto's population to seek refuge on the islands of the Venetian lagoon, to the beginning of the eleventh century. Its importance is further emphasized by the limited number of the surviving early medieval Venetian sources. Berto's study of the political and social vocabulary of this work analyses the chronicler's use and contextualization of key words and provides the reader with an enhanced understanding of the Istoria Veneticorum. The attentive and skilful use of terminology by the chronicler confirms that the author was, in all likelihood, a member of the Orseolo entourage, that he was acquainted with the art of diplomacy, and that he was, in fact, John the Deacon. Furthermore, he did not limit himself to a mere recording of dates and events; rather, by a careful use of terminology-probably in order to avoid reopening recent wounds-he was able to express his opinions about the dukes who had ruled his country.
Author : Robert Lee Wolff
Publisher : Variorum Publishing
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 14,4 MB
Release : 1976
Category : History
ISBN :
Author : Iulian Mihai Damian
Publisher : Eastern and Central European Studies
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,78 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Europe
ISBN : 9783631618578
This volume unites a wide range of papers given at the international conference «Italy and Europe's Eastern Border. 1204-1669» in Rome in November 2010. Its content reflects the manifold research topics of a European scholarly community united in the joint endeavor to shape new aspects and to promote innovative fields of Mediterranean Studies. Therefore, various approaches to the overall topic can be found in this volume, be it from the viewpoint of war and religion, frontier and border studies, the union of churches, diplomacy, theology, economic history, humanism, diplomatics, historiography, prosopography, or genealogy. This is the first volume of the series «Eastern and Central European Studies» and at the same time an incentive for volumes to follow, which will guide the reader on his journey through space and time to hitherto unknown shores of Eastern European and Mediterranean Studies.
Author : Eric Cochrane
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 671 pages
File Size : 48,11 MB
Release : 2019-03-14
Category : History
ISBN : 0226111547
Second edition. A comprehensive survey of historical literature produced in Italy during the Renaissance; a major contribution which discusses hundreds of authors who wrote in Latin or Italian in all parts of Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Author : Patricia Fortini Brown
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 19,62 MB
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0300067003
Inscriptions, medals, and travelers' accounts, on more learned humanist and antiquarian writings, and, most importantly, on the art of the period, Brown explores Venice's evolving sense of the past. She begins with the late middle ages, when Venice sought to invent a dignified civic past by means of object, image, and text. Moving on to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, she discusses the collecting and recording of antiquities and the incorporation of Roman forms.
Author : J.K. Hyde
Publisher : Springer
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 13,94 MB
Release : 1973-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 1349155047