Atmospheric Icing on Sea Structures


Book Description

Atmospheric icing (icing due to fog, precipitation and water vapor in air) as a physical process and the problems it causes for ships and stationary offshore structures are reviewed. Estimation of the probability and severity of atmospheric icing based on climatological and geographical factors is discussed, and theoretical methods for calculating the intensity of atmospheric icing at sea are suggested. Existing data on the dependence of the atmospheric icing rate and the properties of the accreted ice on the meteorological conditions are analyzed. The methods of measuring the icing rate and ice prevention methods are discussed.




Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks


Book Description

This is a comprehensive book that documents the fundamentals of atmospheric icing and surveys the state of the art in eight chapters, each written by a team of experienced and internationally renowned experts. The treatment is detailed and richly illustrated.




CRREL Monograph


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Biogeochemistry of the Atmosphere, Ice and Water of the White Sea


Book Description

This book is devoted to the biogeochemical environment of the White Sea, an inland sea in the Northwestern region of Russia. It provides a comprehensive review and discusses the latest research findings on the oceanology, sedimentology and biogeochemistry of the White Sea water column. The topics discussed include the regulation of the physico-geographical conditions in the White Sea basin; dispersed sedimentary substance of the atmosphere and the cryosphere; the geochemical peculiarities of the river discharge into the White Sea; and the phyto- and zooplankton activities in the White Sea. Taking the biggest river in the White Sea basin as an example, the authors closely examine the deposition of suspended particulate matter, the biogeochemical behaviour of dissolved and suspended forms of organic material and the significant group of chemical elements in the river-sea mixing zone of the Severnaya Dvina River. The book ends with a summary of the key conclusions and recommendations. Together with the companion volume Sedimentation Processes in the White Sea: The White Sea Environment Part II, it offers an essential source of information for postgraduate students, researchers and stakeholders alike.




Sea Ice


Book Description

Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.




CRREL Report


Book Description




Ice and Construction


Book Description

This book focuses on two areas of ice technology: the use of ice as a construction material and the problems caused by ice to constructions. In connection with describing past and potential future applications of using ice in construction, a detailed discussion on the mechanical properties of ice is given. A state of the art description on ice-making methods, melt protection, methods and reinforcement of ice with the materials are covered.




CRREL Benchnotes


Book Description