Barriers to Justice and Accountability
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher :
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 29,90 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher :
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 29,90 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Author : Allyson Collins
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 20,32 MB
Release : 1998
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781564321831
Race as a Factor
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 32,64 MB
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 0309278937
Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Author : Howard Zehr
Publisher :
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 50,90 MB
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781881798514
In a mere quarter-century, restorative justice has grown from a few scattered experimental projects into a worldwide social movement, as well as an indentifiable field of practice and study. Moving beyond its origins in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice is now being applied in schools, homes, and the workplace. The 31 chapters in this book confront the key threats to the 'soul' of this emerging international movement. The contributing authors are long-term advocates and practitioners of restorative justice from North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 32,20 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241548052
Volume numbers determined from Scope of the guidelines, p. 12-13.
Author : S. Buckley-Zistel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 19,50 MB
Release : 2011-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0230348610
Based on original empirical research, this book explores retributive and gender justice, the potentials and limits of agency, and the correlation of transitional justice and social change through case studies of current dynamics in post-violence countries such Rwanda, South Africa, Cambodia, East Timor, Columbia, Chile and Germany.
Author : Gil Loescher
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 32,81 MB
Release : 2005
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780415382984
First Published in 2006. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author : Francesca Lessa
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 16,76 MB
Release : 2012-05-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 110738009X
This edited volume brings together well-established and emerging scholars of transitional justice to discuss the persistence of amnesty in the age of human rights accountability. The volume attempts to reframe debates, moving beyond the limited approaches of 'truth versus justice' or 'stability versus accountability' in which many of these issues have been cast in the existing scholarship. The theoretical and empirical contributions in this book offer new ways of understanding and tackling the enduring persistence of amnesty in the age of accountability. In addition to cross-national studies, the volume encompasses eleven country cases of amnesty for past human rights violations: Argentina, Brazil, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Rwanda, South Africa, Spain, Uganda and Uruguay. The volume goes beyond merely describing these case studies, but also considers what we learn from them in terms of overcoming impunity and promoting accountability to contribute to improvements in human rights and democracy.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 44,93 MB
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309452961
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author : Daniel P. Mears
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 11,72 MB
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 110716169X
This book shows how to reduce out-of-control criminal justice and create greater public safety, justice, and accountability at less cost.