Dictionnaires


Book Description




Dictionaries


Book Description




Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval


Book Description

The eighth campaign of the Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) for - ropean languages was held from January to September 2007. There were seven distinct evaluation tracks in CLEF 2007, designed to test the performance of a wide range of multilingual information access systems or system components. CLEF is by now an established international evaluation initiative and, in 2007, 81 groups from all over the world submitted results for one or more of the di?erent evaluation tracks. Full details regarding the design of the tracks, the methodologies used for evaluation, and the results obtained by the participants can be found in the di?erent sections of these proceedings. As always the results of the campaign were reported and discussed at the annual workshop, held in Budapest, Hungary, 19-21 September, immediately following the eleventh European Conference on Digital Libraries. The workshop playsanimportantrolebyprovidingtheopportunityforallthe groupsthathave participated in the evaluation campaign to get together to compare approaches and exchange ideas.




Diachronic Interpretation of the Nostratic Macrofamily


Book Description

This monograph presents a groundbreaking exploration into the Nostratic macrofamily, a concept that proposes a common ancestral language for several of the world's foremost language families. The study delves deep into the roots of Altaic, Afro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Eskimo-Aleut, Indo-European, Kartvelian, and Uralic languages, offering a unique perspective on their interconnections and evolutionary paths. The authors examine five pivotal Nostratic etymons from the Swadesh index to illustrate the shared cognitive frameworks of these diverse linguistic groups. This research challenges conventional perspectives on language evolution and introduces new methodologies in cognitive macro-comparative studies. Key to the work is the hypothesis of divergent-convergent and convergent-divergent evolutionary patterns stemming from a common Nostratic origin. Beyond linguistics, this study offers insights into human cognitive development, language formation, and change mechanisms.




PC Mag


Book Description

PCMag.com is a leading authority on technology, delivering Labs-based, independent reviews of the latest products and services. Our expert industry analysis and practical solutions help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology.




Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary


Book Description

The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.




A Descriptive Study of Bengali Words


Book Description

This book is a study of modern Bengali words based on the data obtained from a corpus of written texts. The author has used all kinds of data, information and examples from the Bengali corpus to shape up this text. He has made an empirical attempt to analyse Bengali words and other lexical items from the perspective of their surface orthographic representation to understand the internal structure of their composition with a focus on their functional roles in various contexts of their usage within texts. In order to achieve this goal, he has established a link between the internal composition and external representation of words within an interface of usage and function of words in texts. The issues addressed in the book include decomposition of words, interpretation of function of word-formative elements and analysis of lexico-semantic identities of the word-formative elements in relation to their function in words.







Advances in Information Retrieval


Book Description

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 34th European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2012, held in Barcelona, Spain, in April 2012. The 37 full papers, 28 poster papers and 7 demonstrations presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 167 submissions. The contributions are organized in sections named: query representation; blogs and online-community search; semi-structured retrieval; evaluation; applications; retrieval models; image and video retrieval; text and content classification, categorisation, clustering; systems efficiency; industry track; and posters.




Dictionary of Dictionaries and Eminent Encyclopedias


Book Description

Enlarged by some 50 percent and equipped with more comprehensive name and subject indexes, the second edition of this unique guide contains bibliographic and descriptive annotations for 8,000 dictionaries. It features 1,500 additional bilingual works, 400 new subject categories, and all the major electronic dictionaries produced in English. While the primary emphasis is on language dictionaries, subject dictionaries on topics as varied as ceramics, bookbinding, and theatre as well as dictionaries issued by international bodies and agencies are included. Covering all the world's languages, works may be bilingual, monolingual, or multilingual as long as there is an English element.