Biological, Physical and Clinical Aspects of Hyperthermia


Book Description

While the establishment of hyperthermia as a routine therapy awaits the results of ongoing controlled clinical trials, the advancement in biological sciences, physics and engineering, clinical physics and dosimetry, as well as clinical implementation continues to make advances. A first attempt to document these advances was made by Dr. Gilbert H. Nussbaum in the Medical Physics Monograph No. 8 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, published by the American Institute of Physics in 1982. This monograph is an extension of the above work. The material is divided into six catagories: Hyperthermia Biology, Physics and Engineering, Clinical Physics, Dosimetry and Modeling, Analysis of Clinical Results, and Quality Assurance. There are numerous methods of inducing hyperthermia and there are also equally numerous clinical strategies as expected in an experimental modality. A conscious effort has been made to document the basic information and thus provide an objective learning tool. The material contained herein will be of interest to biologists, physicists, engineers, and physicians who are actively involved in the field of hyperthermia, as well as to those who are anxious to learn about this new field. Some sections provide extremely practical information needed in the routine delivery of treatments and, therefore, will be of benefit to nurses and technologists. We also believe that this material provides insight and guidance for future research.




Whole Body Hyperthermia


Book Description




Whole Body Hyperthermia: Biological and Clinical Aspects


Book Description

1. 1 Background neoplastic diseases which are currently refractory to conventional therapy. All aspects of both preclinical Anticancer effects of elevated (noncauterizing) tem and clinical WBH, ranging from molecular biology perature were first observed in ancient Egyptian times and physiology to WBH methodologies and clinical (Oleson and Dewhirst 1983). Hippocrates trials, will be comprehensively reviewed. It is our in (460-377 B. C. ) later incorporated fever therapy into a tention to provide the reader with a definitive resource homeopathic approach to disease (Le. , treating a dis of to evaluate the current status and future potential ease with a symptom of that disease). In the fourth WBH. In so doing, we will attempt to present the vari century, Refus of Ephesus advocated the use of fever ous perspectives and insights derived from the efforts induction to treat malignant diseases (Kluger 1980). of investigators throughout the world. We hope this In the nineteenth century tumor regressions accompa will encourage an expanded investigative commitment nying high fevers were reported both by Busch and to this exciting and innovative approach to cancer Bruns (Busch 1866; Bruns 1888). At the end of the therapy.




Physical Aspects of Hyperthermia


Book Description

Over the past several years, interest and activity regarding the use of heat to treat human malignancies has grown very rapidly. Laboratory studies with cells and animals have established the potential of hyperthermia, used alone, or in combination with radiation or drugs, for improvement of the therapeutic ratio in cancer therapy. A growing body of clinical data suggests that hyperthermia, employed as an adjuvant and perhaps, as a primary therapeutic modality, can often effect rapid and substantial tumor regression while causing only relatively modest changes in adjacent normal tissues. Given the clinical observations to date and the rationale provided by biological and physiological laboratory investigations, the current, prodigious growth of clinical utilization of hyperthermia in surgical, medical and especially radiation oncology is not difficult to comprehend. However, the development of clinical hyperthermia as a safe, effective and quantitative cancer modality will depend critically on the extent to which the physics and physiology of local, regional and whole body heating of human tissue are understood and properly incorporated into the planning and administration of thermotherapy. Whatever its promise, ultimately, the value of hyperthermia as a clinical tool will be governed, and perhaps limited by the physical aspects of power deposition, heat transfer and thermometry in vivo. This book discusses this important topic in depth.




An Introduction to the Practical Aspects of Clinical Hyperthermia


Book Description

Hyperthermia combined with either radiation or chemotherapy is rapidly becoming a clinical reality in many institutions as a form of treatment of malignant disease. This is an introduction to the subject aimed at the total audience, but particularly clinicians.




Interstitial Hyperthermia: Physics, Biology and Clinical Aspects


Book Description

In the last decade the use of interstitial microwave antennas to deliver localized and controlled power to deep-seated tumours has been explored in institutes around the world. Simultaneously the field of brachytherapy also progressed as clinicans began to develop new implantation approaches for a variety of tumour sites, thereby promoting the insertion of catheters which could serve as conduits for the insterstitial microwave applicators. Although the challenges presented by deep-seated tumours have not been solved, the developments in the field of brachytherapy and the implantation of interstitial applicators for hyperthermia are such that a volume dedicated to this approach is warranted. This third volume in the series "Hyperthermia and Oncology" provides insight in and updated information on various aspects of interstitial hyperthermia. It aims to serve as a guide for clinicians who are either already working in the field or who wish to implement this treatment. It also provides basic aspects to physicists and biologists who are interested in the field of hyperthermic treatment.




Hyperthermia In Cancer Treatment: A Primer


Book Description

Following an introductory overview, Hyperthermia In Cancer Treatment: A Primer comprehensively describes the biological reasons for associating hyperthermia with radiation and chemotherapy and the biological and clinical effects of hyperthermia on cancerous and normal tissues. The volume’s 20 chapters are arranged in three principal parts: physical and methodological studies, biologic principles, and clinical studies.




Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers


Book Description

The discovery of uniform latex particles by polymer chemists of the Dow Chemical Company nearly 50 years ago opened up new exciting fields for scientists and physicians and established many new biomedical applications. Many in vitro diagnostic tests such as the latex agglutination tests, analytical cell and phagocytosis tests have since become rou tine. They were all developed on the basis of small particles bound to biological active molecules and fluorescent and radioactive markers. Further developments are ongoing, with the focus now shifted to applications of polymer particles in the controlled and di rected transport of drugs in living systems. Four important factors make microspheres interesting for in vivo applications: First, biocompatible polymer particles can be used to transport known amounts of drug and re lease them in a controlled fashion. Second, particles can be made of materials which bio degrade in living organisms without doing any harm. Third, particles with modified surfaces are able to avoid rapid capture by the reticuloendothelial system and therefore en hance their blood circulation time. Fourth, combining particles with specific molecules may allow organ-directed targeting.




Thermoradiotherapy and Thermochemotherapy


Book Description

Hyperthermia has been found to be of great benefit in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in the management of patients with difficult and com plicated tumor problems. It has been demonstrated to increase the efficacy, of ionising radiation when used locally but also has been of help in combination with systemic chemotherapy where hyperthermia is carried out to the total body. Problems remain with regard to maximizing the effects of hyperthermia as in fluenced by blood flow, heat loss, etc. The present volume defines the current knowledge relative to hyperthermia with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, giving a comprehensive overview of its use in cancer management. Philadelphia/Hamburg, June 1995 L.W. BRADY H.-P. HEILMANN Preface In an attempt to overcome tumor resistance, hypoxia, or unfavorable tumor condi tions, oncological research has come to focus on gene therapy, immunotherapy, new cytotoxic agents, and increasingly sophisticated radiotherapy. Radiation research has been directed towards heavy particle therapy and modification of the radiation response by either protecting or sensitizing agents. Improved dose localization using rotational or conformal strategies has also been implemented. Recently, changes in radiation fractionation schedules have shown promise of better results. Hyperthermia in cancer therapy can be viewed similarly as another means to increase the sensitivity of tumors to radio- and chemotherapy.




Cancer Treatment by Hyperthermia, Radiation and Drugs


Book Description

This work describes the ways in which the techniques of hyperthermia have been used in a project in Japanese oncology clinics since 1984. The physical, biological and clinical aspects of hyperthermic oncology are detailed.