› › Biomarker Discovery And Clinical Outcome Prediction Using Knowledge Based Bioinformatics

Evolution of Translational Omics

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 354 pages

File Size : 36,8 MB

Release : 2012-09-13

Category : Science

ISBN : 0309224187

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Book Description

Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.



Bioinformatics and Biomarker Discovery

Author : Francisco Azuaje

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 206 pages

File Size : 28,39 MB

Release : 2011-08-24

Category : Science

ISBN : 111996430X

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Book Description

This book is designed to introduce biologists, clinicians and computational researchers to fundamental data analysis principles, techniques and tools for supporting the discovery of biomarkers and the implementation of diagnostic/prognostic systems. The focus of the book is on how fundamental statistical and data mining approaches can support biomarker discovery and evaluation, emphasising applications based on different types of "omic" data. The book also discusses design factors, requirements and techniques for disease screening, diagnostic and prognostic applications. Readers are provided with the knowledge needed to assess the requirements, computational approaches and outputs in disease biomarker research. Commentaries from guest experts are also included, containing detailed discussions of methodologies and applications based on specific types of "omic" data, as well as their integration. Covers the main range of data sources currently used for biomarker discovery Covers the main range of data sources currently used for biomarker discovery Puts emphasis on concepts, design principles and methodologies that can be extended or tailored to more specific applications Offers principles and methods for assessing the bioinformatic/biostatistic limitations, strengths and challenges in biomarker discovery studies Discusses systems biology approaches and applications Includes expert chapter commentaries to further discuss relevance of techniques, summarize biological/clinical implications and provide alternative interpretations



Evaluation of Biomarkers and Surrogate Endpoints in Chronic Disease

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 335 pages

File Size : 40,85 MB

Release : 2010-06-25

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309157277

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Book Description

Many people naturally assume that the claims made for foods and nutritional supplements have the same degree of scientific grounding as those for medication, but that is not always the case. The IOM recommends that the FDA adopt a consistent scientific framework for biomarker evaluation in order to achieve a rigorous and transparent process.



Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery

Author : Haleem J. Issaq

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 489 pages

File Size : 11,15 MB

Release : 2013-05-20

Category : Science

ISBN : 0123947952

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Book Description

Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery demonstrates how to leverage biomarkers to improve accuracy and reduce errors in research. Disease biomarker discovery is one of the most vibrant and important areas of research today, as the identification of reliable biomarkers has an enormous impact on disease diagnosis, selection of treatment regimens, and therapeutic monitoring. Various techniques are used in the biomarker discovery process, including techniques used in proteomics, the study of the proteins that make up an organism, and metabolomics, the study of chemical fingerprints created from cellular processes. Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery is the only publication that covers techniques from both proteomics and metabolomics and includes all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution. The book describes methods, and presents a standard operating procedure for sample selection, preparation, and storage, as well as data analysis and modeling. This new standard effectively eliminates the differing methodologies used in studies and creates a unified approach. Readers will learn the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques discussed, as well as potential difficulties inherent to all steps in the biomarker discovery process. A vital resource for biochemists, biologists, analytical chemists, bioanalytical chemists, clinical and medical technicians, researchers in pharmaceuticals, and graduate students, Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery provides the information needed to reduce clinical error in the execution of research. - Describes the use of biomarkers to reduce clinical errors in research - Includes techniques from a range of biomarker discoveries - Covers all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution





Comprehensive Biomarker Discovery and Validation for Clinical Application

Author : Péter Horvatovich

Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry

Page : 385 pages

File Size : 24,72 MB

Release : 2013-06-17

Category : Science

ISBN : 1849734364

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Book Description

This book focuses on proteomics biomarker discovery and validation procedures from the clinical perspective. It provides an overview of current technology and the challenges encountered throughout the process. This covers all key stages, from biomarker discovery and validation, through to registration with the European and US regulatory authorities (FDA and EMEA). All the important elements (such as patient selection, sample handling, data processing, and statistical analysis) are described in detail and the reader is introduced to each topic with well-described examples or guidelines for best practice. Case studies are also included to demonstrate clinical applications. Individual chapters explain the best performing techniques for profiling complex body fluids and biomarker discovery. This includes the application of mass spectrometry imaging combined with chromatography in profiling platforms and the use of laser micro dissection and MALDI imaging to study tissues in their natural environment. Future developments needed to improve the success rate of translating biomarker discovery into useful clinical tests are also discussed. Common pitfalls and success stories are described as are the limitations of the various technologies involved. Broad and interdisciplinary in approach, this book provides an excellent source of information for industrial and academic researchers, and those managing biobanks.



Biomarkers in Drug Development

Author : Michael R. Bleavins

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 559 pages

File Size : 37,69 MB

Release : 2011-09-20

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1118210425

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Book Description

Discover how biomarkers can boost the success rate of drug development efforts As pharmaceutical companies struggle to improve the success rate and cost-effectiveness of the drug development process, biomarkers have emerged as a valuable tool. This book synthesizes and reviews the latest efforts to identify, develop, and integrate biomarkers as a key strategy in translational medicine and the drug development process. Filled with case studies, the book demonstrates how biomarkers can improve drug development timelines, lower costs, facilitate better compound selection, reduce late-stage attrition, and open the door to personalized medicine. Biomarkers in Drug Development is divided into eight parts: Part One offers an overview of biomarkers and their role in drug development. Part Two highlights important technologies to help researchers identify new biomarkers. Part Three examines the characterization and validation process for both drugs and diagnostics, and provides practical advice on appropriate statistical methods to ensure that biomarkers fulfill their intended purpose. Parts Four through Six examine the application of biomarkers in discovery, preclinical safety assessment, clinical trials, and translational medicine. Part Seven focuses on lessons learned and the practical aspects of implementing biomarkers in drug development programs. Part Eight explores future trends and issues, including data integration, personalized medicine, and ethical concerns. Each of the thirty-eight chapters was contributed by one or more leading experts, including scientists from biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms, academia, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Their contributions offer pharmaceutical and clinical researchers the most up-to-date understanding of the strategies used for and applications of biomarkers in drug development.



Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics

Author : Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 698 pages

File Size : 13,1 MB

Release : 2015-12-07

Category : Science

ISBN : 0128019212

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Book Description

Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics comprises 31 chapters contributed by leading active researchers in basic and clinical epigenetics. The book begins with the basis of epigenetic mechanisms and descriptions of epigenetic biomarkers that can be used in clinical diagnostics and prognostics. It goes on to discuss classical methods and next generation sequencing-based technologies to discover and analyze epigenetic biomarkers. The book concludes with an account of DNA methylation, post-translational modifications and noncoding RNAs as the most promising biomarkers for cancer (i.e. breast, lung, colon, etc.), metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes and obesity), autoimmune diseases, infertility, allergy, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The book describes the challenging aspects of research in epigenetics, and current findings regarding new epigenetic elements and modifiers, providing guidance for researchers interested in the most advanced technologies and tested biomarkers to be used in the clinical diagnosis or prognosis of disease. - Focuses on recent progress in several areas of epigenetics, general concepts regarding epigenetics, and the future prospects of this discipline in clinical diagnostics and prognostics - Describes the importance of the quality of samples and clinical associated data, and also the ethical issues for epigenetic diagnostics - Discusses the advances in epigenomics technologies, including next-generation sequencing based tools and applications - Expounds on the utility of epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases, highlighting the study of these biomarkers in cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, infertility, and infectious diseases - Includes a special section that discusses the relevance of biobanks in the maintenance of high quality biosamples and clinical-associated data, and the relevance of the ethical aspects in epigenetic studies



Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor

Author : Robert Gentleman

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 478 pages

File Size : 30,45 MB

Release : 2005-12-29

Category : Computers

ISBN : 0387293620

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Book Description

Full four-color book. Some of the editors created the Bioconductor project and Robert Gentleman is one of the two originators of R. All methods are illustrated with publicly available data, and a major section of the book is devoted to fully worked case studies. Code underlying all of the computations that are shown is made available on a companion website, and readers can reproduce every number, figure, and table on their own computers.



Machine Learning Paradigms

Author : George A. Tsihrintzis

Publisher : Springer

Page : 552 pages

File Size : 24,3 MB

Release : 2019-07-06

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 3030156281

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Book Description

This book is the inaugural volume in the new Springer series on Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems. The series aims at providing, in hard-copy and soft-copy form, books on all aspects of learning, analytics, advanced intelligent systems and related technologies. These disciplines are strongly related and mutually complementary; accordingly, the new series encourages an integrated approach to themes and topics in these disciplines, which will result in significant cross-fertilization, research advances and new knowledge creation. To maximize the dissemination of research findings, the series will publish edited books, monographs, handbooks, textbooks and conference proceedings. This book is intended for professors, researchers, scientists, engineers and students. An extensive list of references at the end of each chapter allows readers to probe further into those application areas that interest them most.