Bone metastasis in the milieu of Osteoimmunology


Book Description

Bone metastases are common in many cancers and associated with skeletal-related events such as spinal cord compression, fractures, pain, disability, and impaired quality of life. Bone metastasis is most prominent in breast, prostate, and lung cancer patients and is the leading cause of cancer-associated death. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts control each other’s functions to maintain normal bone homeostasis. In addition, bone remodeling is governed by the balanced activity of the bone and immune cells. Bone metastasis is a multistage process, and the bone microenvironment influences the seeding and colonization of the disseminated cancer cells. Disruption of bone homeostasis and immune population provides fertile soil to facilitate cancer cell seeding. Despite the advancement of our understanding to treat primary tumors, most of the treatments for bone metastasis are palliative. Proper understanding of the immune component of the bone and their involvement in bone metastasis niche formation will help to explore future directions of bone metastasis research.




Systems Biology of Cancer


Book Description

An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.




T Cells in Arthritis


Book Description

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common and most severe form of inflammatory arthritis. The pathogenesis of RA has been the subject of intense research for several decades. The prevailing hypotheses have changed over the years, and have attempted to incorporate the most recent data. Although T cells represent an important component of the cells which infiltrate the joint synovium, their contribution at a late stage of the disease remains a matter of debate. The goal of this book is to outline the major arguments and data suggesting that T cells may, or may not, be central players in the pathogenesis of chronic RA. While each of the editors and authors has his/her own bias (as will be clear by reading the respective chapters), our hope is that the readers will enjoy a complete and balanced view of the critical questions and experiments. This is not just an intellectual exercise since the direction of future therapeutic interventions depends heavily on how one interprets the pathogenesis of RA and the contribution of T cells.




Osteoimmunology


Book Description

Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems, Second Edition, explores the advancements that have been made in the field during the last 40 years, including valuable information on our understanding of the interactions between hematopoietic, immune, and bone cells, now known as the field of osteoimmunology. This comprehensive work offers the most extensive summaries of research trends in the field and their translation into new therapeutics. Early chapters deal with the development of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, hematopoietic stem cells, T and B-lymphocytes, and communications between these cellular elements, while later sections contain discussions of the signaling pathways by which RANKL influences osteoclast development and function. Subsequent chapters explore the effects that estrogen has on bone and the immune system, the development of pathologic conditions, and the growing research around osteoporosis, Paget's disease, the genetics of bone disease, and bone cancer metastasis. - Explains the intricate interaction between the immune system and bone - Features detailed discussions of the key cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the homeostasis of the individual systems - Facilitates greater understanding of osteoimmunologic networks, their environments, and how this understanding leads to better treatments for human diseases involving both systems




Bone Cancer


Book Description

The epidemiological and clinical importance of bone metastasis has long been recognized, but the past decade has seen an explosion in the fields of bone biology and bone cancer research. This period of time has been marked by a number of key discoveries that have led to the opening up of entirely new areas for investigation as well as new therapies which combine surgery and biological therapeutic approaches.Bone is a common site of cancer metastases - cancer cells commonly develop in bone and spread to other organ systems through the bloodstream. For example, the incidence of bone metastases in breast and prostate cancers is 70%, whereas it is only 30 to 40% in metastatic lung cancer. In clinical terms, bone metastases have substantial negative effects on a patient's quality of life and are a main cause of patient mortality. Given the global prevalence of breast and prostate cancers, knowledge of bone biology has become essential for the medical and cancer research communities. This book provides, all in one resource, the most recent data on bone cancer development (cellular and molecular mechanisms), genomic and proteomic analyses, clinical analyses (histopathology, imaging, pain monitoring), as well as new therapeutic approaches and clinical trials for primary bone tumors and bone metastases. Feature - Presents a comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of bone cancer in one reference work - Bone cancer experts (from all areas of research and practice) take readers from the bench research (cellular and molecular mechanism), through genomic and proteomic analysis, all the way to clinical analysis (histopathology and imaging) and new therapeutic approaches. - Clear presentation by bone biologists of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bone tumors and bone cancer metastasis as well as the genomic and proteomic assays used in detecting cancer within given organ systems - - Clear presentation by oncologists and radiologists of how histopathology, imaging, and pain monitoring can lead to new therapeutic approaches Benefit - Saves researchers and clinicians time in quickly accessing the very latest details on a broad range of bone cancer issues, as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles. - Provides a common language for cancer researchers, bone biologists, oncologists, and radiologists to discuss bone tumors and how bone cancer metastases affects each major organ system - Correct diagnosis (and therefore correct treatment) of cancer depends on a strong understanding of the molecular basis for the disease – both oncologists and radiologists will benefit - Bone biologists will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle and will, therefore, be able to develop more targeted genomic and proteomic assays




Advances in Osteoimmunology


Book Description




Practical Medical Oncology Textbook


Book Description

This textbook combines essential information on clinical cancer medicine with a guide to the latest advances in molecular oncology and tumor biology. Providing a systematic overview of all types of solid tumors, including epidemiology and cancer prevention, genetic aspects of hereditary cancers, differential diagnosis, typical signs and symptoms, diagnostic strategies and staging, and treatment modalities, it also discusses new and innovative cancer treatments, particularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Expert commentaries at the end of each chapter highlight key points, offer insights, suggest further reading and discuss clinical application using case descriptions. This textbook is an invaluable, practice-oriented tool for medical students just beginning their clinical oncology studies, as well as for medical oncology residents and young professionals.




Systems Biology of Tumor Microenvironment


Book Description

This edited volume discusses the complexity of tumor microenvironments during cancer development, progression and treatment. Each chapter presents a different mathematical model designed to investigate the interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma and stromal cells. The topics covered in this book include the quantitative image analysis of a tumor microenvironment, the microenvironmental barriers in oxygen and drug delivery to tumors, the development of tumor microenvironmental niches and sanctuaries, intravenous transport of the circulating tumor cells, the role of the tumor microenvironment in chemotherapeutic interventions, the interactions between tumor cells, the extracellular matrix, the interstitial fluid, and the immune and stromal cells. Mathematical models discussed here embrace both continuous and agent-based approaches, as well as mathematical frameworks of solid mechanics, fluid dynamics and optimal control theory. The topics in each chapter will be of interest to a biological community wishing to apply the mathematical methods to interpret their experimental data, and to a biomathematical audience interested in exploring how mathematical models can be used to address complex questions in cancer biology.







Osteoimmunology


Book Description

A Key Regulator of Postnatal Skeletal Remodeling.- Ectodomain Shedding of Receptor Activator of NF-KB Ligand.- The Negative Role Of Ids In Osteoclastogenesis.- Functional Genetic and Genomic Analysis of Modeled Arthritis.- Dexamethsone Suppresses Bone Formation via the Osteoclast.- Immunologic Regulation Of Bone Development.- Pth Regulates The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche In Bone.- Regulation Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells In The Osteoblastic Niche.- The Chemokine Cxcl12 And Regulation Of Hsc And Lymphocyte Development In The Bone Marrow Niche.- Osteoclast Precursor Cells.- Interaction with estrogen receptors as treatment of arthritis and osteoporosis.- Novel Signaling Pathways And Therapeutic Targets In Osteoclasts.- The Enigmatic Function of TREM-2 in Osteoclastogenesis.- Role of cell-matrix interactions in osteoclast differentiation.- Positive and negative roles of IL-6, STAT3 and SOCS3 in inflammatory arthritis.- Control of Osteoclast activity and bone loss by IKK subunits: new targets for therapy.- Targeting Osteoporosis And Rheumatoid Arthritis By Active Vaccination Against Rankl.- RANKL Inhibition: From Mice to Men (and Women).