Peace Watch


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The A to Z of Bosnia and Herzegovina


Book Description

Diversity has always been at the heart of Bosnia and Herzegovina's character; even its dual name and physical geography display a particular heterogeneity. The medieval Bosnian state never enjoyed lasting political and ideological unity as its feudal, regional, and religious rifts pulled at the country's seams. Furthermore, because of its location and by a quirk of history, three major world religious and cultural traditions (Catholicism, Islam, and Orthodoxy) became cohabitants in this small Balkan country. Recently, the rebirth of its statehood has been exceptionally bloody and its diversity has been shaken. Even 11 years after the guns were silenced, the country is still under the "benevolent" protection of the international community, whose officials are keeping the state-building process in perpetual suspense, with no final result in sight. The A to Z of Bosnia and Herzegovina sheds light on the uncertain situation Bosnia and Herzegovina faces, while providing essential background information. This is accomplished through a chronology, an introduction, a bibliography, and more than 300 cross-referenced dictionary entries on individual topics spanning Bosnia and Herzegovina's political, economic, religious, and social system along with short biographies on important figures.




The Uncertain Superpower


Book Description

The book investigates US foreign policy in today's process of transformation. It shows how domestic factors determine more and more the superpower's paradigm of foreign policy. On the one hand, the US are the undisputed superpower as far as military, political or economic power are concerned, as well as cultural influence and leadership in interantional relations. On the other hand, the US have in the 90s practiced a rather non-dominant leadership in international relations, contrasting sharply America's potential. What are the reasons for this? Das englischsprachige Buch untersucht die Außenpolitik der USA in der jetzigen grundlegenden Umbruchphase. Es zeigt, wie innenpolitische Determinanten auch bei der Supermacht USA in zunehmendem Maße den außenpolitischen Rahmen bestimmen. Auf der einen Seite sind die USA die unumstrittene Supermacht im Hinblick auf militärische, politische und ökonomische Stärke, aber auch im Hinblick auf den kulturellen Einfluss und die Führungsrolle in den internationalen Beziehungen. Auf der anderen Seite haben die USA in den 90erJahren eine Zurückhaltung als Führungsmacht in den internationalen Beziehungen praktiziert, die ganz im Gegensatz zum Führungspotenzial der einzigen Supermacht standen. Welches sind die Ursachen und Faktoren für diese zurückhaltende Rolle der USA als Welt-Führungsmacht?




Peace as War


Book Description

The book is about the peace implementation process in Bosnia-Herzegovina viewed, or interpreted reasonably, as a continuation of war by other means. Twenty years after the beginning of the Dayton peace accords, we need to summarize the results: the author shares the general agreement in public opinion, according to which the process is a failure. Pehar presents a broad, yet sufficiently detailed, view of the entire peace agreement implementation that preserves 'the state of war,' and thus encourages the war-prone attitudes in the parties to the agreement. He examines the political and narratological underpinnings to the process of the imposed international (predominantly USA) interpretation of the Dayton constitution and peace treaty as a whole. The key issue is the – perhaps only semi-consciously applied – divide ut imperes strategy. After nearly twenty years, the peace in document was not translated into a peace on the ground because, with regard to the key political and constitutional issues and attitudes, Bosnia remains a deeply divided society. The book concludes that the international supervision served a counter-purpose: instead of correcting the aberration and guarding the meaning that was originally accepted in the Dayton peace treaty, the supervision approved the aberration and imposed it as a new norm under the clout of 'the power of ultimate interpretation.'




Boots on the ground: Troop Density in Contingency Operations


Book Description

This paper clearly shows the immediate relevancy of historical study to current events. One of the most common criticisms of the U.S. plan to invade Iraq in 2003 is that too few troops were used. The argument often fails to satisfy anyone for there is no standard against which to judge. A figure of 20 troops per 1000 of the local population is often mentioned as the standard, but as McGrath shows, that figure was arrived at with some questionable assumptions. By analyzing seven military operations from the last 100 years, he arrives at an average number of military forces per 1000 of the population that have been employed in what would generally be considered successful military campaigns. He also points out a variety of important factors affecting those numbers-from geography to local forces employed to supplement soldiers on the battlefield, to the use of contractors-among others.




Can Might Make Rights?


Book Description

This book looks at why it's so difficult to create 'the rule of law' in post-conflict societies such as Iraq and Afghanistan, and offers critical insights into how policy-makers and field-workers can improve future rule of law efforts. A must-read for policy-makers, field-workers, journalists and students trying to make sense of the international community's problems in Iraq and elsewhere, this book shows how a narrow focus on building institutions such as courts and legislatures misses the more complex cultural issues that affect societal commitment to the values associated with the rule of law. The authors place the rule of law in context, showing the interconnectedness between the rule of law and other post-conflict priorities, such as reestablishing security. The authors outline a pragmatic, synergistic approach to the rule of law which promises to reinvigorate debates about transitions to democracy and post-conflict reconstruction.




Handbook of Federal Countries, 2002


Book Description

For more than two centuries federalism has provided an example of how people can live together even as they maintain their diversity. While the implosion of the former Yugoslavia illustrates that federalism is not, and cannot be, a panacea, its abiding success in other countries shows that it is a system worth examining. The Handbook of Federal Countries, 2002, a project of the Forum of Federations – an international network that seeks to strengthen democratic governance by promoting dialogue on and understanding of the values, practices, principles, and possibilities of federalism – does exactly this, incorporating available information about existing federations in one place for easy, convenient reference.The Handbook of Federal Countries, 2002 includes articles on the twenty-one countries that classify themselves as federations as well as four whose systems incorporate sufficient elements of federalism that it is useful to include them. These articles – written by authors around the world – examine the development, institutions, constitutions, and dynamics of federalism and include tables containing current political/geographic and economic/social information. The Handbook also includes four comparative papers, each of which examines a theme of concern to federal countries: foreign policy in an era of globalization that increasingly encroaches on the jurisdiction of constituent units and demands their active participation; use of federalism to accommodate minorities; distribution of resources and power (fiscal federalism); and issues relating to regional autonomy and federalism in a European context.




The Balkans


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