Brazilian Derivatives and Securities


Book Description

The Brazilian financial markets operate in a very different way to G7 markets. Key differences include onshore and offshore markets, exponential rates, business days day-counts, and price formation from the futures markets (instead of the cash markets). This book provides a quantitative, applied guide to the offshore and onshore Brazilian markets, with a focus on the financial instruments unique to the region. It offers a comprehensive introduction to the key financial 'archaeology' in the Brazil context, exploring interest rates, FX and inflation and key differences from G7 market finance. It explores the core industry investment banking business in detail, from FX to interest rates and cash and inflation. Finally it introduces the region's unique financial instruments, as well as their pricing and risk management needs. Covering both introductory and complex topics, this book provides existing practitioners in Brazil, as well as those interested in becoming involved in these markets, everything they need to understand the market dynamics, risks, pricing and calibration of curves for all products currently available.




Brazil's Derivatives Markets


Book Description

This report is a study of Brazil's derivatives markets. It examines their important role in the economy, and their role in monetary policy making by the Brazilian Central Bank (BCB). The first part of the report focuses on providing an analytical description of derivatives markets in Brazil how they operate and how they are regulated. The second section is about the role of derivatives markets in Brazil's financial system and overall economy. It also examines how derivatives markets are used by the BCB in conducting monetary and exchange policy.




The Relative Effectiveness of Spot and Derivatives Based Intervention


Book Description

This paper studies the relative effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention in spot and derivatives markets. We make use of Brazilian data where spot and non-deliverable futures based intervention have been used in tandem for more than a decade. The analysis finds evidence in favor of a significant link between both modes of intervention and the first two moments of the real/dollar exchange rate. As predicted by theory for the case of negligible convertibility risk, the impact of spot market intervention in our baseline sample is strikingly similar to that achieved through futures based intervention worth an equivalent amount in notional principal.




Transparency and Security in the Derivatives Market


Book Description

The over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives were considered a core cause for the increase of the systemic risk in the global markets, which ended up in the burst of the markets on the financial crisis in 2008. Among the lessons learned, the need to improve the transparency, controls and surveillance of the derivatives markets is a key driver to the structural reforms designed to make the derivatives markets less susceptible to the excesses observed in the period before the peak of the crisis. On this paper we compare the intended configuration for the global derivatives markets after the implementation of the reforms proposed by G20/FSB with the one existent in the Brazilian market since the beginning of this century, showing that the Brazilian derivatives market already presented very high standards of transparency and control. Based on this conclusion, we also propose that the global regulators carefully study the Brazilian case, benefiting from the experience of a market that has been working successfully on this subject for more than 30 years.




Brazil


Book Description

Brazil’s financial markets are generally liquid and sophisticated. Brazil is blessed with a wide array of instruments which investors can use to manage and hedge interest rate and FX risks. The infrastructure supporting markets appears sound and is widely attributed by market participants to ensuring the resiliency of Brazil’s markets despite a multitude of significant shocks. A key foundation of the resiliency of Brazil’s markets is the large structural liquidity surplus (around 20 percent of GDP) and Brazil’s substantial FX reserves. Market participants generally have ample cash reserves that provide a key buffer against liquidity shocks. Brazilian investors have a strong preference for high quality short term liquid investments. Brazil’s history of economic instability drives investors towards short term liquid investments of the highest credit quality such as overnight repos and short-term government bonds. Dollarization is low reflecting restrictions on FX investments available within Brazil but hedges against FX risk are widely available and give investors’ confidence to hold Real. Government bonds are the centerpiece of the securities markets.




Dodd Frank Act and the Brazilian Capital Market - Extraterritorial Effects of Regulation to the Over-the-Counter Derivatives Market


Book Description

This paper aims to describe the chief alterations proposed by the Dodd Frank Act to the American over-the-counter derivatives market and, at the same time, understand the extraterritorial reach of this law compared to the regulatory framework of the Brazilian derivative market. In order to do so, I will study the extraterritorial effects of the law, particularly in reference to the international nature of Title II of the Dodd Frank, which deals with the over-the-counter derivatives, in order to evaluate its reach to foreign markets, especially the Brazilian market.




What Determines Market Development?


Book Description

There is considerable heterogeneity in the development of derivatives markets in different countries. The question is: why? This paper addresses this question in the context of major derivatives markets in Latin America. The largest derivatives exchanges in Latin America are located in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. In addition, Over-the-Counter (OTC) markets exist in Chile and Peru. Excluding Peru, Chile's derivatives market is to date the least developed. We show that this is, due to regulatory constrains and illiquidity. Domestic transactions are OTC, and consist mostly of exchange rate forwards. Recent changes in the Central Bank of Chile's exchange rate policy have not had a considerable impact on the aggregate trading volume of forwards. However, amendments made to the Law of Capital Markets in 2001 bring the possibility of having a more developed derivatives market in the future.




Brazil


Book Description

Brazil’s financial markets are generally liquid and sophisticated. Brazil is blessed with a wide array of instruments which investors can use to manage and hedge interest rate and FX risks. The infrastructure supporting markets appears sound and is widely attributed by market participants to ensuring the resiliency of Brazil’s markets despite a multitude of significant shocks. A key foundation of the resiliency of Brazil’s markets is the large structural liquidity surplus (around 20 percent of GDP) and Brazil’s substantial FX reserves. Market participants generally have ample cash reserves that provide a key buffer against liquidity shocks. Brazilian investors have a strong preference for high quality short term liquid investments. Brazil’s history of economic instability drives investors towards short term liquid investments of the highest credit quality such as overnight repos and short-term government bonds. Dollarization is low reflecting restrictions on FX investments available within Brazil but hedges against FX risk are widely available and give investors’ confidence to hold Real. Government bonds are the centerpiece of the securities markets.




Derivatives


Book Description

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship among diverse factors that explain the use of derivatives for the fulfillment of hedge operations. The independent variables (related to flexibility) that explains the dependent variable (level of utilization of the derivatives) are: anonymity, capacity of hedging, flexibility of structure and flexibility of terms. Amongst the utilized instruments, the OTC instruments - swaps and forward contracts - are the ones that present the greater explanatory power point out by Brazilian financial decision-makers, because they are tailored as unique transactions agreed between the counterparts, thus they are not standardized.




Brazil


Book Description

The paper discusses the stability of Brazil's financial system, which is diversified and shows sustained economic progress. Fiscal and monetary policies have been aimed to improve bank reserves, and foreign exchange intervention has been streamlined to curb volatility in the exchange market. These measures have been effective in achieving the immediate targets, maintaining macroeconomic stability, and ensuring adequate financial sector buffers. However, there are indications of emerging strains in some sectors and asset classes.