Land Bridges


Book Description

Land bridges are the causeways of biodiversity. When they form, organisms are introduced into a new patchwork of species and habitats, forever altering the ecosystems into which they flow; and when land bridges disappear or fracture, organisms are separated into reproductively isolated populations that can evolve independently. More than this, land bridges play a role in determining global climates through changes to moisture and heat transport and are also essential factors in the development of biogeographic patterns across geographically remote regions. In this book, paleobotanist Alan Graham traces the formation and disruption of key New World land bridges and describes the biotic, climatic, and biogeographic ramifications of these land masses’ changing formations over time. Looking at five land bridges, he explores their present geographic setting and climate, modern vegetation, indigenous peoples (with special attention to their impact on past and present vegetation), and geologic history. From the great Panamanian isthmus to the boreal connections across the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans that allowed exchange of organisms between North America, Europe, and Asia, Graham’s sweeping, one-hundred-million-year history offers new insight into the forces that shaped the life and land of the New World.




New World Continents and Land Bridges


Book Description

Contents include: North America: landforms; North America: climate, plants and animals; North America: history and culture; Introducing South America; South America: landforms; South America: climate, plants and animals; South America: history and culture; Continental connections and plate tectonics; Land bridges: the narrow link; Land bridges: dropping seas.




American Scientist


Book Description




Evolution and the Diversity of Life


Book Description

The diversity of living forms and the unity of evolutionary processes are the focus of these essays. The collection helps form much of the basis of contempoary undertanding of evolutionary biology.




Current Advances in Scarabaeoidea Research


Book Description

The Scarabaeoidea is one of the largest superfamilies in the Coleoptera and includes approximately 2,200 genera and about 32,000 species worldwide. Scarabs have diversified into most habitats, and they are fungivores, herbivores, necrophages, coprophages, saprophages, and carnivores. Some scarabs exhibit various levels of parental care and sociality. Some are myrmecophilous or termitophilous. Many possess extravagant horns, others are able to roll into a compact ball, and still others are highly armored for inquiline life. Some are important agricultural pests that may destroy crops, while others are used in the biological control of dung and dung flies. Scarabaeoids are popular beetles due to their large size, bright colors, and interesting natural histories. Because of the popularity of the group, there exists an erroneous impression that the superfamily is taxonomically well known. However, even with a lengthy history of study, the group is in real need of continuing research. The papers in this volume cover a wide array of research topics on Scarabaeoidea, including evolutionary relationships, character trait evolution, species concepts, descriptions of new taxa, keys for identification, nomenclature, historical biogeography, methods, and basic life history information. These papers are a valuable contribution to our knowledge of scarabaeoids, and they will provide a foundation for future research.




Physical Geography: Biogeography


Book Description

It may well be said that there can be no geography which concerns itself with the actual shape and form of the land surface, solid rode, the configuration and extent of the seas and oceans, the enveloping atmosphere without which life as we know it cannot exist, the physical process which take place in that atmosphere. This book has been designed to cover the syllabus of physical geography required for the B.A. students of the Indian Universities. The subject matter has been arranged so as to provide clear and integrated approach to the subject with all essential tools of applicable geography for B.A. curriculum. Contents: Biogeography, Ecosystem, Biosphere, Biome, Food Chain.




Earth's Evolving Systems


Book Description

Earth’s Evolving Systems: The History of Planet Earth, Second Edition is an introductory text designed for popular courses in undergraduate Earth history. Written from a “systems perspective,” it provides coverage of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, and discussion of how those systems interacted over the course of geologic time.




Costa Rica: The Complete Guide


Book Description

Costa Rica is an eco-travel paradise! From pristine beaches and jungle waterfalls to high-altitude coffee farms, Costa Rica: The Complete Guide puts the best of Costa Rica at your fingertips. Over 130 five-star reviews for previous editions! Blending detailed travel tips with beautiful photography, this guidebook offers much more than just restaurant and hotel reviews. Fascinating chapters explore Costa Rica's unique history, culture, food, ecology and wildlife. Top 10 Ways to Avoid a Cultural Misunderstanding helps visitors avoid common and potentially embarrassing mistakes. Discover what makes Costa Rica one of the world's most amazing destinations. Soar above the cloud forest on a zipline at Monteverde. Spend the night at a deluxe ecolodge next to Arenal Volcano. Soak in the tropical beauty of Costa Rica's world-class beaches at Manuel Antonio National Park. Watch sea turtles lay their eggs at Tortuguero. Plan the perfect Costa Rican vacation! Filled with insider tips to save you time and money Over 300 beautiful color photos Over 30 detailed maps Fascinating chapters on History, Culture and Food Informative guide to Wildlife and Ecology 1% of profits are donated to environmental organizations working to preserve Costa Rica's biodiversity for future generations Printed on sustainable FSC paper