Bridging the Implementation Gap in Urban Schools


Book Description

The current study introduced Restore360, a coaching model that holds promise for the implementation of restorative circles. Restore360 draws from and integrates features of effective coaching models that support the implementation of evidence-based practices in schools. The core characteristics of Restore360 are a) a strong focus on teacher-coach collaboration, b) an emphasis on teacher strengths, c) the use of performance feedback, d) teacher access to sustained coaching over the course of a school year, and e) the use of a structured observational tool, RP-Observe. The current study examined the acceptability, feasibility, and responsiveness of Restore360, as well the coaching model's promise for improving the quality of restorative circles. Coaches (N = 3) worked with teachers (N = 6) in three urban middle and high schools during a 1-year intervention. A mixed method design was utilized to test the study's hypotheses. Quantitative (e.g., surveys, RP-Observe) and qualitative data (e.g., semi-structured interviews) were collected concurrently and the results were triangulated for interpretation purposes. Results suggested that coaches and teachers found Restore360 to be acceptable and responsive to differentiated student needs, including gender, race/ethnicity, achievement level, and children with special needs. Teachers and coaches reflected positively on teacher and student development throughout the coaching experience. However, the study did not find Restore360 to have adequate feasibility. Future directions and implications for adoption of the model are discussed.










Closing the School Discipline Gap


Book Description

Educators remove over 3.45 million students from school annually for disciplinary reasons, despite strong evidence that school suspension policies are harmful to students. The research presented in this volume demonstrates that disciplinary policies and practices that schools control directly exacerbate today's profound inequities in educational opportunity and outcomes. Part I explores how suspensions flow along the lines of race, gender, and disability status. Part II examines potential remedies that show great promise, including a district-wide approach in Cleveland, Ohio, aimed at social and emotional learning strategies. Closing the School Discipline Gap is a call for action that focuses on an area in which public schools can and should make powerful improvements, in a relatively short period of time. Contributors include Robert Balfanz, Jamilia Blake, Dewey Cornell, Jeremy D. Finn, Thalia González, Anne Gregory, Daniel J. Losen, David M. Osher, Russell J. Skiba, Ivory A. Toldson “Closing the School Discipline Gap can make an enormous difference in reducing disciplinary exclusions across the country. This book not only exposes unsound practices and their disparate impact on the historically disadvantaged, but provides educators, policymakers, and community advocates with an array of remedies that are proven effective or hold great promise. Educators, communities, and students alike can benefit from the promising interventions and well-grounded recommendations.” —Linda Darling-Hammond, Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education, Stanford University “For over four decades school discipline policies and practices in too many places have pushed children out of school, especially children of color. Closing the School Discipline Gap shows that adults have the power—and responsibility—to change school climates to better meet the needs of children. This volume is a call to action for policymakers, educators, parents, and students.” —Marian Wright Edelman, president, Children’s Defense Fund




Bridging the urban literacy gap


Book Description

Levels of student achievement are continually under intense scrutiny by public officials and citizens alike. An examination of student achievement has uncovered low literacy rates, especially among the urban youth, that is detrimental to student success in high school and beyond. The achievement gap that persists between urban schools and suburban schools is a consistent educational trend that continues to deny students equal opportunities in adulthood. Student achievement testing measures are frequently used to gauge their ability levels. The results of standardized test can be used as indicators for future success or failure. The tests can also be used as an actionable diagnostic tool that helps educators scaffold instruction. This project proposes that school expand use of response to intervention (RTI) programs into middle schools. A professional development training session has been created to assist a middle school staff in developing a RTI program. A successful implementation of the project would result in students that are more ready to take on the rigors of high school curriculum.




From Negative Expectations to Positive School Improvement in Urban Schools


Book Description

When people hear the term "urban", they immediately associate it with negative attributes such as poverty stricken students and families, ill-prepared students, run down facilities, and an inconsistency in teachers. When compared to any kind of school whether its' private or public, urban school districts have the worst label of all. Why is there a consistent negative perception when it comes to urban school districts? Can these perceptions be transformed to meet the varying needs of our students? Yes they can....one school at a time! School leaders, principals and superintendents have the power to make the transformation needed to change the negative perception of our urban schools and the students. In many cases, these negatively perceived urban schools have reached success levels that were totally unexpected. So where's the magic? It all lies in the hands, minds, and hearts of school leaders. What makes a successful urban school leader? Urban school leaders have so many responsibilities that are not as prevalent in non-urban school schools. Students in urban schools tend to have low self esteem and often portray self-hatred. Who taught the black child self-hatred? The purpose of this article is to explore the successful strategies that have been used by school administrators to efficiently enhance and empower the school climate internally while producing positive results externally. Answering the following questions, the researcher will provide a clear and concise solution to this ever-growing issue in education: (1) What precisely constitutes an "urban school"?; (2) Who taught the black child self-hatred?; (3) What determines "success" in urban schools?; (4) What intrinsic qualities must a school leader possess in order to turn negative perceptions into positive results in urban schools?; and (5) Does prior experiences really matter or play a role in the capabilities of an urban school leader?




Translational Ecology


Book Description

William H. Schlesinger believes that scientists have a duty to translate scientific research for non-specialists and he has a particular talent for doing so. The author of numerous scientific papers and two textbooks, he has also written hundreds of newspaper and magazine pieces, blog entries, and radio scripts that explain complex environmental issues.




Closing the Achievement Gap


Book Description

Abstract: Contemporary high school reforms are centered on small school size as an approach to ameliorate disengagement and underachievement of minority and economically disadvantaged students in urban comprehensive high schools. A common strategy is to reconfigure high schools into smaller subunits known as Small Learning Communities (SLCs). Although widespread research on SLCs has found this reform promising in helping educators increase students' sense of belonging in school, studies have revealed varying outcomes on the impact of SLC implementation in improving student achievement. Using Invitational Theory as a theoretical framework, a single case study was utilized to examine the perceptions of faculty members and school leaders regarding strategies implemented within SLCs to improve student engagement and academic achievement. This study investigated an urban high school that demonstrated 4 years of sustained growth in student engagement (i.e., attendance, suspension, and graduation rates) and academic achievement (i.e., standardized test scores) through SLC implementation. This study underscored the promise of SLC implementation as a viable approach to increase students' sense of belonging in school and address achievement disparities among minority and economically disadvantaged students. The findings pointed to an intentional vision and effort among professionals as the impetus for developing SLCs that summon students to recognize their unbounded potential. Furthermore, the findings corroborated the importance of several strategies found in the literature that foster a sense of community between students and adults and professional communities among staff. Recommendations are provided for policy and practice to sustain the efficacy of SLC implementation in urban high schools.




Asian Insolvency Systems: Closing the Implementation Gap


Book Description

A conference proceedings that provides a regional and country perspective on Asian insolvency reform, including individual Asian country reports, and reports on broader international trends and developements.




Bridging the Literacy Achievement Gap, Grades 4-12


Book Description

This book addresses critical issues related to pre-adolescent and adolescent literacy learners with a focus on closing the achievement gap. Despite efforts by educators and policymakers during the past several decades, certain groups of students--primarily African American students, English language learners, and students from low-income homes--continue to underperform on commonly used measures of academic achievement. Too often, teachers and administrators lack both proper preparation and good ideas to confront these issues.