Commercial Fruit Processing


Book Description

• use of fewer additives containing sodium, spices, artificial colors and flavors, and "energy" • continued use of fruits in cereals, salads, cakes, pies, and other com binations, as a source of minerals, vitamins, fiber, and natural flavors and colors An important recent innovation is low-moisture processing, in which fruit, with no added sugar, preservative, or carrier, is converted into convenient dehydrated forms. Development of this technology has been stimulated by high transportation rates, improvements in technology, and revolutionary new packages. In addition to raisins, prunes, and dehy drated apples, pears, peaches, and apricots, bananas are available in flakes, slices, and granules; pineapple and other tropical fruits also are available in new forms. Another low-moisture product is apple fiber sol ids, consisting of cell wall material (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin) and apple sugars. Low-moisture forms of other fruits are becom mg more common. Commercial Fruit Processing is a companion volume to Commercial Vegetable Processing, also edited by B. S. Luh and J. G. Woodroof; both are being updated and revised simultaneously. Grateful acknowledgments and thanks go to contributors who wrote in their own area of expertise on commercial fruit processing. Credit also goes to more than a dozen commercial companies and individuals who supplied photographs, charts, tables, and data from commercial opera tions. Thanks also to Ann Autry who typed, corrected, and edited the manu script; and to Naomi C. Woodroof, my wife, for assisting in research.




Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites


Book Description

This book is part of a two-volume book series that exhaustively reviews the key recent research into nanoclay reinforced polymer composites. This second volume focuses on nanoclay based nanocomposites and bionanocomposites fabrication, characterization and applications. This includes classification of nanoclay, chemical modification and processing techniques of nanocomposites. The book also provides comprehensive information about nanoclay modification and functionalization; modification of nanoclay systems, geological and mineralogical research on clays suitability; bio-nanocomposites based on nanoclays; modelling of mechanical behaviour of halloysite based composites; mechanical and thermal properties of halloysite nanocomposites; the effect of Nanoclays on gas barrier properties of polymers and modified nanocomposites. This book is a valuable reference guide for academics and industrial practitioners alike.




Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning


Book Description

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has emerged as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies to provide data for research and operational applications in a wide range of disciplines related to management of forest ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the research and application of ALS in a broad range of forest-related disciplines, especially forest inventory and forest ecology. However, this book is more than just a collection of individual contributions – it consists of a well-composed blend of chapters dealing with fundamental methodological issues and contributions reviewing and illustrating the use of ALS within various domains of application. The reviews provide a comprehensive and unique overview of recent research and applications that researchers, students and practitioners in forest remote sensing and forest ecosystem assessment should consider as a useful reference text.




Software Tools and Algorithms for Biological Systems


Book Description

“Software Tools and Algorithms for Biological Systems" is composed of a collection of papers received in response to an announcement that was widely distributed to academicians and practitioners in the broad area of computational biology and software tools. Also, selected authors of accepted papers of BIOCOMP’09 proceedings (International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: July 13-16, 2009; Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) were invited to submit the extended versions of their papers for evaluation.




ICDSMLA 2020


Book Description

This book gathers selected high-impact articles from the 2nd International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning & Applications 2020. It highlights the latest developments in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, soft computing, human–computer interaction and various data science and machine learning applications. It brings together scientists and researchers from different universities and industries around the world to showcase a broad range of perspectives, practices and technical expertise.




Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control


Book Description




Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India


Book Description

This book describes the significance of metrology for inclusive growth in India and explains its application in the areas of physical–mechanical engineering, electrical and electronics, Indian standard time measurements, electromagnetic radiation, environment, biomedical, materials and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravyas (BND®). Using the framework of “Aswal Model”, it connects the metrology, in association with accreditation and standards, to the areas of science and technology, government and regulatory agencies, civil society and media, and various other industries. It presents critical analyses of the contributions made by CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), India, through its world-class science and apex measurement facilities of international equivalence in the areas of industrial growth, strategic sector growth, environmental protection, cybersecurity, sustainable energy, affordable health, international trade, policy-making, etc. The book will be useful for science and engineering students, researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs.




Food Packaging


Book Description

Because of the increasing pressure on both food safety and packaging/food waste, the topic is important both for academics, applied research, industry and also for environment protection. Different materials, such as glass, metals, paper and paperboards, and non-degradable and degradable polymers, with versatile properties, are attractive for potential uses in food packaging. Food packaging is the largest area of application within the food sector. Only the nanotechnology-enabled products in the food sector account for ~50% of the market value, with and the annual growth rate is 11.65%. Technological developments are also of great interest. In the food sector, nanotechnology is involved in packaging materials with extremely high gas barriers, antimicrobial properties, and also in nanoencapsulants for the delivery of nutrients, flavors, or aromas, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds. Applications of materials, including nanomaterials in packaging and food safety, are in forms of: edible films, polymer nanocomposites, as high barrier packaging materials, nanocoatings, surface biocides, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, nutrition and neutraceuticals, active/bioactive packaging, intelligent packaging, nanosensors and nanomaterial-based assays for the detection of food relevant analytes (gasses, small organic molecules and food-borne pathogens) and bioplastics.




IIW Recommendations On Methods for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints


Book Description

The weld toe is a primary source of fatigue cracking because of the severity of the stress concentration it produces. Weld toe improvement can increase the fatigue strength of new structures significantly. It can also be used to repair or upgrade existing structures. However, in practice there have been wide variations in the actual improvements in fatigue strength achieved. Based on an extensive testing programme organised by the IIW, this report reviews the main methods for weld toe improvement to increase fatigue strength: burr grinding, TIG dressing and hammer and needle peening. The report provides specifications for the practical use of each method, including equipment, weld preparation and operation. It also offers guidance on inspection, quality control and training as well as assessments of fatigue strength and thickness effects possible with each technique. IIW recommendations on methods for improving the fatigue strength of welded joints will allow a more consistent use of these methods and more predictable increases in fatigue strength. Provides specifications for the practical use of each weld toe method, including equipment, weld preparation and operation Offers guidance on inspection, quality control and training, as well as assessments of fatigue strength and thickness effects possible with each technique This report will allow a more consistent use of these methods and more predictable increases in fatigue strength