Budget Transparency and Participation in South Korea


Book Description

Korea can be considered a success story in terms of budget transparency as well as economic development. According to the Open Budget Index, published by the International Budget Partnership, Korea is one of the top performers in budget transparency in the Asia Pacific region (IBP 2010). During the authoritarian era in Korea, however, budget information as well as overall government information was not widely shared. Secrecy, rather than transparency, was deemed necessary for efficiency. The Korean case highlights the important role of democracy in promoting fiscal transparency. We first assess the positive achievements and limitations in budget transparency and participation in Korea. Then, we conduct historical process tracing in order to identify key milestones and watershed moments that allowed for breakthroughs. We provide detailed accounts of how fiscal democracy has been institutionalized through various reforms. We further attempt to explain the factors and mechanisms that have facilitated these processes and examine the roles of various actors, such as presidents, legislators, the judiciary, and in particular, civil society organizations and the media. We also analyze how budget information was used and what effects enhanced budget transparency had on budgetary priorities, government efficiency, and corruption. We conclude, emphasizing the role of civil society organizations in promoting and maintaining virtuous circles of fiscal democracy.




Open Budgets


Book Description

A Brookings Institution Press and Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation publication Decisions about "who gets what, when, and how" are perhaps the most important that any government must make. So it should not be remarkable that around the world, public officials responsible for public budgeting are facing demands—from their own citizenry, other government officials, economic actors, and increasingly from international sources—to make their patterns of spending more transparent and their processes more participatory. Surprisingly, rigorous analysis of the causes and consequences of fiscal transparency is thin at best. Open Budgets seeks to fill this gap in existing knowledge by answering a few broad questions: How and why do improvements in fiscal transparency and participation come about? How are they sustained over time? When and how do increased fiscal transparency and participation lead to improved government responsiveness and accountability? Contributors: Steven Friedman (Rhodes University/University of Johannesburg); Jorge Antonio Alves (Queens College, CUNY) and Patrick Heller (Brown University); Jong-sung You (University of California—San Diego) and Wonhee Lee (Hankyung National University); John M. Ackerman (National Autonomous University of Mexico and Mexican Law Review); Aaron Schneider (University of Denver) and Annabella España-Najéra (California State University–Fresno); Barak D. Hoffman (Georgetown University); Jonathan Warren and Huong Nguyen (University of Washington); Linda Beck (University of Maine–Farmington and Columbia University), E. H. Seydou Nourou Toure (Institut Fondamental de l'Afrique Noire), and Aliou Faye (Senegal Ministry of the Economy and Finance).










Transparency in Government Operations


Book Description

Transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude. Notably, the Interim Committee, at its April and September 1996 meetings, stressed the need for greater fiscal transparency. Prompted by these concerns, this paper represents a first attempt to address many of the aspects of transparency in government operations. It provides an overview of major issues in fiscal transparency and examines the IMF's role in promoting transparency in government operations.




South Korea's Budget Waste Reporting System


Book Description

Recently, China's fiscal reform to improve government fiscal efficiency has taken center stage. Improved fiscal efficiency allows for the development of a virtuous cycle of transparency, public engagement and budget supervision. The budget waste reporting system implemented in South Korea can be used as a case study example for building such a virtuous cycle. In fact, such a system does indeed help Korea achieve budget reductions. Academic studies in China on how to improve fiscal efficiency have so far centered on areas of transparency, public engagement and supervision. The budget waste reporting system implemented by Korea has demonstrated a virtuous cycle relationship among these systems and is thus of great significance. For the Chinese government, first priority to implementing such a system should be given to improving the system of information disclosure. This means that rather than simply disclosing the budget information, the public should be engaged in how to comprehend such disclosures. Not only can the implementation of such a system in China directly achieve budget cuts, it can also play an important role in improving fiscal transparency and household welfare.




Open Budgets


Book Description

Explicates political economy factors that have brought about greater transparency and participation in budget settings across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This title presents the strategies, policies, and institutions through which improvements can occur and produce change in policy and institutional outcomes.




Making Politics Work for Development


Book Description

Governments fail to provide the public goods needed for development when its leaders knowingly and deliberately ignore sound technical advice or are unable to follow it, despite the best of intentions, because of political constraints. This report focuses on two forces—citizen engagement and transparency—that hold the key to solving government failures by shaping how political markets function. Citizens are not only queueing at voting booths, but are also taking to the streets and using diverse media to pressure, sanction and select the leaders who wield power within government, including by entering as contenders for leadership. This political engagement can function in highly nuanced ways within the same formal institutional context and across the political spectrum, from autocracies to democracies. Unhealthy political engagement, when leaders are selected and sanctioned on the basis of their provision of private benefits rather than public goods, gives rise to government failures. The solutions to these failures lie in fostering healthy political engagement within any institutional context, and not in circumventing or suppressing it. Transparency, which is citizen access to publicly available information about the actions of those in government, and the consequences of these actions, can play a crucial role by nourishing political engagement.




Governmental Transparency in the Path of Administrative Reform


Book Description

The consequences of governmental reform are not always intended. In this book, Suzanne J. Piotrowski examines how federal management reforms associated with the National Performance Review have affected, and are still affecting, implementation of the Freedom of Information Act. The intersection of the New Public Management movement and the implementation of the U.S. federal government's transparency policy is, she argues, a clear example of unforeseen outcomes. Particular attention is paid to performance management, customer service, and contracting out initiatives, as well as to unintended consequences and their future implications for public administration scholars, practitioners, and reformers.




Understanding Korean Public Administration


Book Description

Although much has been written about the Korean public administration, the international academic community has little knowledge about it as most of the literature has been written in Korean. This book aims to provide more accessible knowledge internationally by filling that gap, covering both the history and the current status of the Korean public administration. This book is a collaboration of many Korean public administration scholars and would appeal to those interested in the secrets of Korea’s rapid development in such a short span of time. Each chapter covers historical contexts, key to understanding its public administration and an important aspect as Korea is a fast changing society. The book takes on a more pragmatic approach rather than to put the Korean experiences into the western theory. Each chapter therefore provides an extensive discussion on the lessons-learned and practical implications.