Burden of Tax in Punjab


Book Description




How much do you love Pakistan


Book Description

Governance Institutes Network International (GINI) entered into agreement as a collaborating institution with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to conduct property tax policy research to support the 2011“Framework for Economic Growth” developed by the Planning Commission of Pakistan at that time. Over the course of this 12-month project, spanning between 1st July 2012 and 30th June 2013, GINI conducted empirical taxpolicy research on property taxation primarily focused on Tehsil Shakargarh, District Narowal of Punjab Province. The methodology for this research employed, firstly, a comprehensive review of literature regarding property taxes in Pakistan. The literature review draws upon numerous sources concerning both taxes in Pakistan and international best practice. It includes the relevant work of academia, international development organizations, regional development organizations, and federal and provincial government departments.




Rural Development in Punjab


Book Description

For many years, agricultural development in Punjab symbolised one of the most successful experiments in rural development. However, this success story seems to be going astray. The crux of the problem, this volume suggests, is that externally driven modernization to meet national food needs pushed Punjab into highly specialized production of wheat and rice, resulting in over-utilisation of natural resources with adverse environmental consequences that jeopardizing the long-term viability and sustainability of the agrarian economy. Stagnating productivity, reduced farm size, falling household incomes, depleting groundwater resources, are only a few of the problems that characterise Punjab’s agriculture today. The book establishes clearly that rural development implies more than transformation of traditional agriculture. Apart from ensuring efficient use of limited resources to sustain agricultural production, rural policy should encompass promotion of non-farm activities, investments in social and economic structure and civic amenities.




Tax Morale What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax?


Book Description

Unlocking what drives tax morale – the intrinsic willingness to pay tax – can greatly assist governments in the design of tax policies and their administration, particularly in developing countries where compliance rates are low. This report builds on previous OECD research to identify some of the key socio-economic and institutional drivers of tax morale across developing countries, and seeks to test for evidence of the social contract by examining the impact of public services on tax morale. It also uses new data on tax certainty as an entry point to explore tax morale in businesses, where existing research is very limited. Finally, the report identifies a range of factors related to the tax system that may affect business decision making, how they vary across regions, and suggests some areas for future research. Overall, the report provides a range of suggestions for further work, and how tax morale considerations can be integrated into holistic tax compliance strategies.




Raising Additional Resources in the States


Book Description

In Working Out A Development Plan Or A Stabilization Programme, A Major Question That Always Arises Is How Much Tax And Non-Tax Revenues A Country, Or A State In A Federal Country Like India, Can Reasonably Expect To Raise And What Sources Should Be Tap¬Ped? Different States In India Are At Different Levels Of Development. Conse¬Quently, Problems Relating To Resource Mobilisation Differ From State To State. It Is Generally Felt That, To A Large Extent, The Financial Problems Of The States Arise From Their Lack Of Tax Effort, I.E., Their Failure To Mobilise Resources From Within Their Own Juris¬Diction. One May Not Agree As To What Constitutes A High Or Low Tax Effort In Particular Instances, Yet The Inter-State Comparisons Might Throw Some Light On The Scope Of Additional Resources Mobilisation In Different States.In The Present Venture An Attempt Has Been Made To Examine The Scope Of Additional Resources Mobilisation In The States Both From Tax And Non-¬Tax Sources. In Particular State Lotte¬Ries As A Source Of Non-Tax Source And Their Economic Implications Have Been Examined. State Lotteries, As A Source Of Revenue Have Been Found To Be Inequitable. Most Of The States Have Been Observed To Be Making Half-Hearted Tax Efforts In So Far As The Mobilisation Of Additional Resources Is Concerned.




Report, 1953-54


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Administration of Sales Tax


Book Description

Sales Tax Plays A Predominant Role In Exchequer Of The States. More Than 60 Per Cent Of State Taxes Revenue Derive From It. Administratively, It Faces Many Problems Such As Rate Differentiation, Tax Evasion, Delay In Disposal Etc. The Book Contains A Complete Exhaustive Structure Of Sales Tax Department Of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab And U.P. And Also Explores The Idea Of Zonal Sales Tax Administration . Some Useful Suggestions Such As Vigilance Com¬Mittee, Lok Adalats, Advisory Committee, Training Programmes Etc. Have Been Made To Simplify The Sales Tax Structure And To Reduce The Burden On Administrative Authorities And Traders.This Book Would Be Useful Not Only For Students Of Taxation But Also For Those Engaged In Tax Planning, Formulation, Implementation.This Is A Pioneering Study And The Suggestions Made Here Will Help Introduce A Greater Element Of Ratio¬Nality In The Area Of Sales Taxation.







Taxing Agricultural Land in Developing Countries


Book Description

Study explaining and trying to reconcile differences between theory and practice of agricultural taxation.




State and Nation-Building in Pakistan


Book Description

Religion, violence, and ethnicity are all intertwined in the history of Pakistan. The entrenchment of landed interests, operationalized through violence, ethnic identity, and power through successive regimes has created a system of ‘authoritarian clientalism.’ This book offers comparative, historicist, and multidisciplinary views on the role of identity politics in the development of Pakistan. Bringing together perspectives on the dynamics of state-building, the book provides insights into contemporary processes of national contestation which are crucially affected by their treatment in the world media, and by the reactions they elicit within an increasingly globalised polity. It investigates the resilience of landed elites to political and social change, and, in the years after partition, looks at the impact on land holdings of population transfer. It goes on to discuss religious identities and their role in both the construction of national identity and in the development of sectarianism. The book highlights how ethnicity and identity politics are an enduring marker in Pakistani politics, and why they are increasingly powerful and influential. An insightful collection on a range of perspectives on the dynamics of identity politics and the nation-state, this book on Pakistan will be a useful contribution to South Asian Politics, South Asian History, and Islamic Studies.