Canada-United States Transboundary Particulate Matter Science Assessment


Book Description

The Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement was established to provide "a practical and effective instrument to address shared concerns regarding transboundary air pollution". Initially, the Agreement was intended to address the primary pollutants responsible for acid rain. However, the Agreement also confirmed the commitment of the United States and Canada to consult on, and develop, the means to address other transboundary air pollution issues, including particulate matter. The Subcommittee on Scientific Cooperation of the AIr Quality Committee was charged to summarize and understand the current knowledge of transboundary transport of particulate matter (PM) and PM precursors between Canada and the United States in a scientific assessment. The assessment represents a significant co-operative effort between scientists in Canada and the United States, and in several cases, the information provided is the first presentation of joint scientific results. The report contains findings on ambient levels, data analyses, and the application of modelling tools in both Canada and the United States. This Assessment will provide the initial scientific knowledge required to determine the need for a PM annex pursuant to the Air Quality Agreement.




Air Quality Management


Book Description

This book provides a wide overview of the issues related to managing of air quality in Canada. Learn about the air issues that have caused impacts to ecosystems or human health and hence been targeted to be managed. Discover how Canada’s national governance involving a federal government along with provincial and territorial governments impacts the air quality management process. Understand how Canadians manage their air quality in context with the USA, their largest and closest neighbour. Benefit from the experience of 43 of Canada’s most experienced air quality management professionals who share their insights into the state of air quality in Canada today, how it is managed, as well as giving a glimpse into the future.​




Canada-United States Emissions Cap and Trading Feasibility Study


Book Description

This study examines key requirements & components of a Canada-United States cross-border cap & trade program for sulphur dioxide (SO2) & nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Section A explains the air quality information relevant to the Canada-US transboundary region, including air quality problems shared by both countries, sources & geographic distribution of precursor emissions, and shared source regions. Section B analyzes the legal framework relevant to a cross-border emissions cap & trading program and describes the legal authority whereby Canada could establish such a regime. Section C examines which industrial sectors are well matched to a cross-border emissions cap & trading program. Section D discussions emissions monitoring & reporting in the two countries and highlights the need for harmonization of the two regimes under a cap & trading program. Section E covers allowances, or the tradable units of a program. It describes allowances & their use, including areas of jurisdictional flexibility such as allowance allocation methods. Section F discusses principles for designing an electronic registry, its components, and centralization of a registry for tracking allowances & emissions. Section G addresses the key questions of compliance & enforcement considerations for a cross-border emissions cap & trading program. Section H uses emission & air quality models to demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing illustrative emission management scenarios.




Canada - United States Transboundary Particulate Matter Science Assessment 2013


Book Description

"This document provides an update of the findings from the 2004 Canada-United States Transboundary Particulate Matter Science Assessment (the 2004 Assessment). Its goal is to present ascientific and technical basis for discussions of adding a particulate matter (PM) annex to the 1991 Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement (the Agreement), to assess the potential impacts of a PM annex and, ultimately, to help determine whether such an annex is currently warranted"--Executive Summary, p.x.




Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers


Book Description

Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and comprehensive discussion of the current understanding by atmospheric scientists of airborne particulate matter (PM). Its goal is to provide policy makers who implement air-quality standards with this relevant and needed scientific information. The primary audience for this volume will be regulators, scientists, and members of industry, all of whom have a stake in effective PM management. It will also inform exposure and health scientists, who investigate causal hypotheses of health impacts, characterize exposure, and conduct epidemiological and toxicological studies.




Advice to Governments on Their Review of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement


Book Description

Today, however, other concepts need to be incorporated into the Agreement so that it can facilitate contemporary efforts to protect and restore The purpose of the Agreement is to "restore and the water quality of the Great Lakes system and maintain" the water quality of the Great Lakes. [...] The following are four areas the Commission to the development of the Agreement in the 1970s suggests be considered for the purpose and scope and its amendment in 1987:. [...] For purposes of the Agreement, the Commission However, the Commission believes firmly that is of the view that a definition of the ecosystem adopting the ecosystem approach should not lead approach should be developed that is appropriate to to broadening the purpose of the Agreement. [...] This the objectives of the Agreement and the conditions means that the scope of the new Agreement - that in the basin. [...] Because the Commission basinwide consultations conducted by is recommending that the Agreement be endorsed the Commission, of the triennial progress by the U. S. Congress and the Parliament of reports under the Binational Action Plan, Canada, it is of the view that its role should be set out in a formal reference pursuant to Article IX of and (b) the Commission's independent the Boundary Waters Tr.







Review of the NARSTO Draft Report


Book Description

The report reviews NARSTO's recent report on atmospheric science issues associated with management of airborne particulate matter (PM) to achieve air quality standards. NARSTO is a public-private partnership with members from government, utilities, industry, and academe in Canada, Mexico and the United States that coordinates ozone-related atmospheric science research and assessment.




Insulators for Icing and Polluted Environments


Book Description

Learn to correct icing and pollution problems in electrical line insulation Written by prominent experts in the field, this book takes an in-depth look at the issues of electrical insulators for icing and polluted environments. It shows: Engineers and environmental specialists how to carry out appropriate insulator contamination measurements, understand how these readings change with time and weather, and work out how the readings compare with the upper limits set by insulator dimensions in their existing stations Design engineers how to assess the likely maximum pollution and icing limits at a substation or along an overhead line, and then select insulators that have appropriate withstand margins Regulators why modest ice accretion at a moderate 0oC temperature on one occasion can qualify as a major reliability event day, while many similar days pass each winter without power system problems Educators why the ice surface flashover is well behaved compared to the conventional pollution flashover, making it much more suitable for demonstrations, modeling, and analysis The book is complemented with case studies and design equations to help readers identify the most appropriate insulators, bushings, and maintenance plans for their local conditions. Additionally, readers may download supplemental materials supporting evaluation of local climate and contamination. Insulators for Icing and Polluted Environments is indispensable reading for any professional who needs reliable electrical supply from networks exposed to sources of wetting and pollution. It also serves as an excellent introduction to the subjects of high-voltage surface flashover, environmental electrochemistry, and insulation coordination for researchers, professors, and students.




Global Sources of Local Pollution


Book Description

Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.