The Atlantic Forest


Book Description

The Atlantic Forest is one of the 36 hotspots for biodiversity conservation worldwide. It is a unique, large biome (more than 3000 km in latitude; 2500 in longitude), marked by high biodiversity, high degree of endemic species and, at the same time, extremely threatened. Approximately 70% of the Brazilian population lives in the area of this biome, which makes the conflict between biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of the human population a relevant issue. This book aims to cover: 1) the historical characterization and geographic variation of the biome; 2) the distribution of the diversity of some relevant taxa; 3) the main threats to biodiversity, and 4) possible opportunities to ensure the biodiversity conservation, and the economic and social sustainability. Also, it is hoped that this book can be useful for those involved in the development of public policies aimed at the conservation of this important global biome.




With Broadax and Firebrand


Book Description

"An unprecedented historical account of the destruction of Brazil's Atlantic Forest, a required reading for those committed to its preservation, written with genuine love and knowledge."—José Roberto Borges, Brazil Program Director, Rainforest Action Network "After reading this volume, no one could fail to realize the uniqueness and importance of these coastal forests, which have played such a fascinating role in the history of Brazil."—Ghillean T. Prance, Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew




Brazil


Book Description

Scope of the study; Organization of the report; The forests and forest sector in Brazil; How much forest is there?; The Amazon; The Atlantic forest; Changes in forest cover; The economic importance of Brazil's forests; Size of the forest sector; International trade; Pressures on the forests; Deforestation and government policies; Forest regulation; Weak institutional environment and enforcement; Logging; Agricultural expansion; Smallholder agriculture in the western Amazon; Agriculture expansion in Parana; Development; Forest fires; Agricultural credit; Protecting Brazil's forests: the role of parks and plantations; Protected areas; Plantation forestry; Important issues in the forest sector; Costs and benefits of managed forests in Brazil; Conservation solutions; Certification; Indigenous communities; Extraction of non-timber forest products; Forest research and forest technology; The changing role of the public sector; The influence of nongovernmental organizations; The World Bank and Brazil; Overview; The Bank program in Brazil; Country assistance strategies; New environmental strategies; Economic and sector work since 1991; World Bank lending portfolio; Evaluation of the bank program in Brazil; Minas Gerais forestry development; Northwest region integration program (POLONOROESTE); Rondonia and Mato Grosso natural resource management projects; Emergency fire prevention; Land management projects; Agriculture and forestry technology development; Global environment facility; Pilot program to conserve the Amazon rain forest (PPG-7); Projects with possible impacts on forests; Transportation projects and the forests of Brazil; Land reform projects; Supplemental tables; The 1991 forest strategy; Economic background; World Bank inspection panel findings for the PLANFLORO Project; OED - and QAG - Evaluated projects; Summary of november 1999 Brasilia Workshop and stakeholder comments; Summary of march 2000 Brasilia Workshop.




Carbon Calculation


Book Description

The Carbon Calculation examines how climate science, the policy world, and neoliberalism have mutually informed each other to define the problem of climate change as one of “market failure”—precluding alternatives to market-based solutions. Focusing on REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), the book demonstrates how industrialized countries are able to maintain their socioeconomic models largely unaltered while claiming to address global warming using forests in the Global South to offset their pollution. By examining the creation and implementation of REDD+ historically and ethnographically, the book traces the social life of this mechanism as it travels across a complex network spanning several interacting levels: international, national, and local. Through cases in the Brazilian state of Acre and the Zambézia province in Mozambique, the author demonstrates how global climate policy has created new opportunities and rationales for unprecedented levels of intervention in the Global South—all under the guise of saving the planet. The Carbon Calculation critically highlights the ways in which politics has reinforced a scientific focus on one possible solution to the problem of climate change—namely those that largely absolve the industrialized world from undertaking politically painful transformations in its own economic model.




Quantification Of Carbon And Diversity At The Atlantic Rainforest In The South Central Region Of The State Of São Paulo, Brazil


Book Description

The aims of this work were to estimate the total accumulation of elemental carbon (Celem) and equivalent (CO2), and the species diversity in three physiognomies of the Atlantic Rainforest: Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF), Riparian Forest (RF) and u201cCerradu00e3ou201d (CE). All five carbon sinks proposed by the IPCC were measured: tree biomass (DBH u2265 5 cm), dead wood, root biomass, litter and soil (every 20 cm up to 1 m depth). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare Celem and CO2 accumulation in the vegetations and the diversity index of Shannon (H') was calculated. ANOVA indicated that Celem and CO2 in the Riparian Forest and Cerradu00e3o present a significant difference. Celem average in RF was 385.89 u00b1 50.59 Mg ha-1, in SSF it was 350.97 u00b1 27.71 Mg ha-1 and 212.79 u00b1 39.19 Mg ha-1 in CE. The CO2 average reached 1416.22 u00b1 185.67 Mg ha-1 in RF, in SSF it ranked 1288.07 u00b1 101.69 Mg ha-1 and 780.95 u00b1 143.82 Mg ha-1 in CE. In all three physiognomies the Celem and CO2 distribution in the sinks was on average 40% in trees, 52% in the soil, 5% in roots, 1% in the litter and 2% in dead wood. The species diversity was the like in the three vegetation formations: RF (H' = 3.42), SSF (H' = 3.66) and CE (H' = 3.70). Forests can have different amounts of carbon and equal species diversity, and therefore, carbon and diversity require explicit considerations in environmental policies.




Sooretama


Book Description







The Dynamics of Deforestation and Economic Growth in the Brazilian Amazon


Book Description

A multi-disciplinary team of authors analyze the economics of Brazilian deforestation using a large data set of ecological and economic variables. They survey the most up to date work in this field and present their own dynamic and spatial econometric analysis based on municipality level panel data spanning the entire Brazilian Amazon from 1970 to 1996. By observing the dynamics of land use change over such a long period the team is able to provide quantitative estimates of the long-run economic costs and benefits of both land clearing and government policies such as road building. The authors find that some government policies, such as road paving in already highly settled areas, are beneficial both for economic development and for the preservation of forest, while other policies, such as the construction of unpaved roads through virgin areas, stimulate wasteful land uses to the detriment of both economic growth and forest cover.




Changing Climate in Brazil: Key Vulnerabilities and Opportunities


Book Description

This paper assesses the Brazilian economy's exposure to climate change focusing on two key areas: agriculture and hydropower. While climate vulnerabilities are significant and recent patterns of land-use further amplify climate change risk, Brazil's opportunities for green growth are vast. Given geography and existing infrastructure, notably the very green energy mix, Brazil can boost its economic potential while mitigating a potential tradeoff between energy use, emissions, and growth. Policy options to address key vulnerabilities and leverage opportunities include boosting the Amazon's resilience via fiscal incentives for forest protection, investing in climate smart agriculture and insurance guided by sustainable feebates, continuing the diversification of renewable power generation, and stimulating green growth while greening the financial sector.