An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis


Book Description

A valuable new edition of a standard reference The use of statistical methods for categorical data has increased dramatically, particularly for applications in the biomedical and social sciences. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition summarizes these methods and shows readers how to use them using software. Readers will find a unified generalized linear models approach that connects logistic regression and loglinear models for discrete data with normal regression for continuous data. Adding to the value in the new edition is: • Illustrations of the use of R software to perform all the analyses in the book • A new chapter on alternative methods for categorical data, including smoothing and regularization methods (such as the lasso), classification methods such as linear discriminant analysis and classification trees, and cluster analysis • New sections in many chapters introducing the Bayesian approach for the methods of that chapter • More than 70 analyses of data sets to illustrate application of the methods, and about 200 exercises, many containing other data sets • An appendix showing how to use SAS, Stata, and SPSS, and an appendix with short solutions to most odd-numbered exercises Written in an applied, nontechnical style, this book illustrates the methods using a wide variety of real data, including medical clinical trials, environmental questions, drug use by teenagers, horseshoe crab mating, basketball shooting, correlates of happiness, and much more. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, Third Edition is an invaluable tool for statisticians and biostatisticians as well as methodologists in the social and behavioral sciences, medicine and public health, marketing, education, and the biological and agricultural sciences.




Categorical Variables in Developmental Research


Book Description

Categorical Variables in Developmental Research provides developmental researchers with the basic tools for understanding how to utilize categorical variables in their data analysis. Covering the measurement of individual differences in growth rates, the measurement of stage transitions, latent class and log-linear models, chi-square, and more, the book provides a means for developmental researchers to make use of categorical data. - Measurement and repeated observations of categorical data - Catastrophe theory - Latent class and log-linear models - Applications




Analysis of Categorical Data with R


Book Description

Analysis of Categorical Data with R, Second Edition presents a modern account of categorical data analysis using the R software environment. It covers recent techniques of model building and assessment for binary, multicategory, and count response variables and discusses fundamentals, such as odds ratio and probability estimation. The authors give detailed advice and guidelines on which procedures to use and why to use them. The second edition is a substantial update of the first based on the authors’ experiences of teaching from the book for nearly a decade. The book is organized as before, but with new content throughout, and there are two new substantive topics in the advanced topics chapter—group testing and splines. The computing has been completely updated, with the "emmeans" package now integrated into the book. The examples have also been updated, notably to include new examples based on COVID-19, and there are more than 90 new exercises in the book. The solutions manual and teaching videos have also been updated. Features: Requires no prior experience with R, and offers an introduction to the essential features and functions of R Includes numerous examples from medicine, psychology, sports, ecology, and many other areas Integrates extensive R code and output Graphically demonstrates many of the features and properties of various analysis methods Offers a substantial number of exercises in all chapters, enabling use as a course text or for self-study Supplemented by a website with data sets, code, and teaching videos Analysis of Categorical Data with R, Second Edition is primarily designed for a course on categorical data analysis taught at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. Such a course could be taught in a statistics or biostatistics department, or within mathematics, psychology, social science, ecology, or another quantitative discipline. It could also be used by a self-learner and would make an ideal reference for a researcher from any discipline where categorical data arise.




Visualizing Categorical Data


Book Description

Graphical methods for quantitative data are well developed and widely used. However, until now with this comprehensive treatment, few graphical methods existed for categorical data. In this innovative book, the author presents many aspects of the relationships among variables, the adequacy of a fitted model, and possibly unusual features of the data that can best be seen and appreciated in an informative graphical display.




Analyzing Categorical Data


Book Description

Categorical data arise often in many fields, including biometrics, economics, management, manufacturing, marketing, psychology, and sociology. This book provides an introduction to the analysis of such data. The coverage is broad, using the loglinear Poisson regression model and logistic binomial regression models as the primary engines for methodology. Topics covered include count regression models, such as Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated, and zero-truncated models; loglinear models for two-dimensional and multidimensional contingency tables, including for square tables and tables with ordered categories; and regression models for two-category (binary) and multiple-category target variables, such as logistic and proportional odds models. All methods are illustrated with analyses of real data examples, many from recent subject area journal articles. These analyses are highlighted in the text, and are more detailed than is typical, providing discussion of the context and background of the problem, model checking, and scientific implications. More than 200 exercises are provided, many also based on recent subject area literature. Data sets and computer code are available at a web site devoted to the text. Adopters of this book may request a solutions manual from: [email protected]. From the reviews: "Jeff Simonoff's book is at the top of the heap of categorical data analysis textbooks...The examples are superb. Student reactions in a class I taught from this text were uniformly positive, particularly because of the examples and exercises. Additional materials related to the book, particularly code for S-Plus, SAS, and R, useful for analysis of examples, can be found at the author's Web site at New York University. I liked this book for this reason, and recommend it to you for pedagogical purposes." (Stanley Wasserman, The American Statistician, August 2006, Vol. 60, No. 3) "The book has various noteworthy features. The examples used are from a variety of topics, including medicine, economics, sports, mining, weather, as well as social aspects like needle-exchange programs. The examples motivate the theory and also illustrate nuances of data analytical procedures. The book also incorporates several newer methods for analyzing categorical data, including zero-inflated Poisson models, robust analysis of binomial and poisson models, sandwich estimators, multinomial smoothing, ordinal agreement tables...this is definitely a good reference book for any researcher working with categorical data." Technometrics, May 2004 "This guide provides a practical approach to the appropriate analysis of categorical data and would be a suitable purchase for individuals with varying levels of statistical understanding." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2004, 18 "This book gives a fresh approach to the topic of categorical data analysis. The presentation of the statistical methods exploits the connection to regression modeling with a focus on practical features rather than formal theory...There is much to learn from this book. Aside from the ordinary materials such as association diagrams, Mantel-Haenszel estimators, or overdispersion, the reader will also find some less-often presented but interesting and stimulating topics...[T]his is an excellent book, giving an up-to-date introduction to the wide field of analyzing categorical data." Biometrics, September 2004 "...It is of great help to data analysts, practitioners and researchers who deal with categorical data and need to get a necessary insight into the methods of analysis as well as practical guidelines for solving problems." International Journal of General Systems, August 2004 "The author has succeeded in writing a useful and readable textbook combining most of general theory and practice of count data." Kwantitatieve Methoden "The book especially stresses how to analyze and interpret data...In fact, the highly detailed multi-page descriptions of analysis and interpretation make the book stand out." Mathematical Geology, February 2005 "Overall, this is a competent and detailed text that I would recommend to anyone dealing with the analysis of categorical data." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society "This important work allows for clear analogies between the well-known linear models for Gaussian data and categorical data problems. ... Jeffrey Simonoff’s Analyzing Categorical Data provides an introduction to many of the important ideas and methods for understanding counted data and tables of counts. ... Some readers will find Simonoff’s style very much to their liking due to reliance on extended real data examples to illuminate ideas. ... I think the extensive examples will appeal to most students." (Sanford Weisberg, SIAM Review, Vol. 47 (4), 2005) "It is clear that the focus of Simonoff’s book is different from other books on categorical data analysis. ... As an introductory textbook, the book is comprehensive enough since all basic topics in categorical data analysis are discussed. ... I think Simonoff’s book is a valuable addition to the literature because it discusses important models for counts ... ." (Jeroen K. Vermunt, Statistics in Medicine, Vol. 24, 2005) "The author based this book on his notes for a class with a very diverse pool of students. The material is presented in such a way that a very heterogeneous group of students could grasp it. All methods are illustrated with analyses of real data examples. The author provides a detailed discussion of the context and background of the problem. ... The book is very interesting and can be warmly recommended to people working with categorical data." (EMS - European Mathematical Society Newsletter, December, 2004) "Categorical data arise often in many fields ... . This book provides an introduction to the analysis of such data. ... All methods are illustrated with analyses of real data examples, many from recent subject-area journal articles. These analyses are highlighted in the text and are more detailed than is typical ... . More than 200 exercises are provided, including many based on recent subject-area literature. Data sets and computer code are available at a Web site devoted to this text." (T. Postelnicu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1028, 2003) "This book grew out of notes prepared by the author for classes in categorical data analysis. The presentation is fresh and compelling to read. Regression ideas are used to motivate the modelling presented. The book focuses on applying methods to real problems; many of these will be novel to readers of statistics texts ... . All chapters end with a section providing references to books or articles for the inquiring reader." (C.M. O’Brien, Short Book Reviews, Vol. 23 (3), 2003)




Bayesian Models for Categorical Data


Book Description

The use of Bayesian methods for the analysis of data has grown substantially in areas as diverse as applied statistics, psychology, economics and medical science. Bayesian Methods for Categorical Data sets out to demystify modern Bayesian methods, making them accessible to students and researchers alike. Emphasizing the use of statistical computing and applied data analysis, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to Bayesian methods of categorical outcomes. * Reviews recent Bayesian methodology for categorical outcomes (binary, count and multinomial data). * Considers missing data models techniques and non-standard models (ZIP and negative binomial). * Evaluates time series and spatio-temporal models for discrete data. * Features discussion of univariate and multivariate techniques. * Provides a set of downloadable worked examples with documented WinBUGS code, available from an ftp site. The author's previous 2 bestselling titles provided a comprehensive introduction to the theory and application of Bayesian models. Bayesian Models for Categorical Data continues to build upon this foundation by developing their application to categorical, or discrete data - one of the most common types of data available. The author's clear and logical approach makes the book accessible to a wide range of students and practitioners, including those dealing with categorical data in medicine, sociology, psychology and epidemiology.




Statistical Methods for Categorical Data Analysis


Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to methods and models for categorical data analysis and their applications in social science research. Companion website also available, at https://webspace.utexas.edu/dpowers/www/




Regression for Categorical Data


Book Description

This book introduces basic and advanced concepts of categorical regression with a focus on the structuring constituents of regression, including regularization techniques to structure predictors. In addition to standard methods such as the logit and probit model and extensions to multivariate settings, the author presents more recent developments in flexible and high-dimensional regression, which allow weakening of assumptions on the structuring of the predictor and yield fits that are closer to the data. A generalized linear model is used as a unifying framework whenever possible in particular parametric models that are treated within this framework. Many topics not normally included in books on categorical data analysis are treated here, such as nonparametric regression; selection of predictors by regularized estimation procedures; ternative models like the hurdle model and zero-inflated regression models for count data; and non-standard tree-based ensemble methods. The book is accompanied by an R package that contains data sets and code for all the examples.




Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data


Book Description

Statistical science’s first coordinated manual of methods for analyzing ordered categorical data, now fully revised and updated, continues to present applications and case studies in fields as diverse as sociology, public health, ecology, marketing, and pharmacy. Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data, Second Edition provides an introduction to basic descriptive and inferential methods for categorical data, giving thorough coverage of new developments and recent methods. Special emphasis is placed on interpretation and application of methods including an integrated comparison of the available strategies for analyzing ordinal data. Practitioners of statistics in government, industry (particularly pharmaceutical), and academia will want this new edition.




The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data


Book Description

A variety of biological and social science data come in the form of cross-classified tables of counts, commonly referred to as contingency tables. Until recent years the statistical and computational techniques available for the analysis of cross-classified data were quite limited. This book presents some of the recent work on the statistical analysis of cross-classified data using longlinear models, especially in the multidimensional situation.