Central Banks Use of Derivatives and Other Contingent Liabilities


Book Description

Whereas some central bank derivatives and other contingent liabilities arise from anomalous circumstances, there are a number of positive reasons that explain their popularity. After analyzing the rationale for these operations, we stress that most of these operations, being off-balance sheet, increase the risk and reduce the transparency of central bank accounts. This in turn makes more difficult the assessment of the financial position of the monetary authority and, by implication, of the macroeconomic conditions of the country. To deal with this issue, we suggest a comprehensive portfolio approach that values, in an economic sense, all assets and liabilities of the central bank.




Central Banks Use of Derivatives and Other Contingent Liabilities


Book Description

Whereas some central bank derivatives and other contingent liabilities arise from anomalous circumstances, there are a number of positive reasons that explain their popularity. After analyzing the rationale for these operations, we stress that most of these operations, being off-balance sheet, increase the risk and reduce the transparency of central bank accounts. This in turn makes more difficult the assessment of the financial position of the monetary authority and, by implication, of the macroeconomic conditions of the country. To deal with this issue, we suggest a comprehensive portfolio approach that values, in an economic sense, all assets and liabilities of the central bank.




Central Bank Use of Derivatives and Other Contingent Liabilities


Book Description

While central banks have frequently undertaken contingent commitments as part of thier regula operation in the economy, it is only recently, through central bank involvement in the derivative markets, that these transactions have drawn the attention of policy makers, market participants, and international agencies. This renewed interest and the fact that these contingent operations came to light in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis, increased the interest in the analytics and the measurement of these commitments. The goal of this paper is to explore the rationale for cental banks to undertake these types of commitments -- in particular to intervene in derivative markets -- and to assess the arguments that are commonly made in favor of and against this sort of involvement. In addition, the paper suggest a methodology to analyze the whole spectrum of central bank contingent liabilities. Specifically we aggregate all on and off-balance sheet transactions in a single framework so as to be able to draw meaningful conclusion on the consequences of these central bank operations on a number of important policy issues such as the volume of central banks' available reserves, the potential burden arising from instability in the banking sector and the overall solvency of the central bank.




International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity


Book Description

This update of the guidelines published in 2001 sets forth the underlying framework for the Reserves Data Template and provides operational advice for its use. The updated version also includes three new appendices aimed at assisting member countries in reporting the required data.




Off-Balance Sheet Activities


Book Description

The objective of Off-Balance Sheet Activities is to gain insights into, and propose meaningful solutions to, those issues raised by the current proliferation of off-balance sheet transactions. The book has its origins in a New York University conference that focused on this topic. Jointly undertaken by the Vincent C. Ross Institute of Accounting Research and New York University's Salomon Center for the study of Financial Institutions at the Stern School of Business, the conference brought together academic researchers and practitioners in the field of accounting and finance to address the issues with the broad-mindedness requisite of a group whose approaches to solutions are as different from each other as their respectively theoretical and applied approaches to the disciplines of finance and accounting. The essays are divided into two sections. The first covers issues surrounding OBS activities and banking and begins with a brief introduction that places the essays into context. OBS activities and the underinvestment problem, whether loan sales are really OBS, and money demand and OBS liquidity are examined in detail. Section two, which also begins with a brief introduction, focuses on issues of securitized assets and financing. A report on recognition and measurement issues in accounting for securitized assets is followed by three separate discussion essays. Other subjects covered include contract theoretic analysis of OBS financing, the use of OBS financing to circumvent financial covenant restrictions, and debt contracting and financial contracting. The latter two contributions are also followed by discussion essays. This unique collection of papers will prove to be an interesting and valuable tool for accounting and finance professionals as well as for academics involved in these fields. It will also be an important addition to public, college, and university libraries.




Central Bank Finances


Book Description




Contingent Liabilities from Banks


Book Description

In this paper, we develop a methodology to assess potential losses to the government that could arise from bank failures. The approach is intended to be simple, parsimonious, and used in real time. It generates an index that we call the banking sector contingent liability index (BCLI), based on the banking sector’s size, concentration, diversification, leverage, and riskiness of assets. The index is illustrated for 32 advanced and emerging market economies from 2006 to 2013, as well as a group of banks including global systemically important banks (G-SIBs).




Systemic Contingent Claims Analysis


Book Description

The recent global financial crisis has forced a re-examination of risk transmission in the financial sector and how it affects financial stability. Current macroprudential policy and surveillance (MPS) efforts are aimed establishing a regulatory framework that helps mitigate the risk from systemic linkages with a view towards enhancing the resilience of the financial sector. This paper presents a forward-looking framework ("Systemic CCA") to measure systemic solvency risk based on market-implied expected losses of financial institutions with practical applications for the financial sector risk management and the system-wide capital assessment in top-down stress testing. The suggested approach uses advanced contingent claims analysis (CCA) to generate aggregate estimates of the joint default risk of multiple institutions as a conditional tail expectation using multivariate extreme value theory (EVT). In addition, the framework also helps quantify the individual contributions to systemic risk and contingent liabilities of the financial sector during times of stress.







Opportunities and Risks in Central European Finances


Book Description

The recent emerging market crises in Asia and other regions suggests that while international capital inflows can make recipient economies stronger, they can potentially also increase the vulnerability of these economies to financial market crises. Two of the most notable sources of vulnerability are the quality of domestic financial intermediation and the speculative nature of some investment flows. 'Opportunities and Risks in Central European Finances' examines the nature of capital flows in the region, seeking to explain its dynamics, and potential sources of vulnerability. The book also appraises some potential costs that could be associated with a financial crisis. Finally, it presents views on how to manage these risks more effectively.