Chinese Forest Trees and Timber Supply
Author : Norman Shaw
Publisher :
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 37,34 MB
Release : 1914
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN :
Author : Norman Shaw
Publisher :
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 37,34 MB
Release : 1914
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN :
Author : Norman Shaw
Publisher :
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 30,97 MB
Release : 1914
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Norman Shaw
Publisher :
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 28,88 MB
Release : 1914
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Meng Zhang
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 16,89 MB
Release : 2021-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 0295748885
In the Qing period (1644–1912), China's population tripled, and the flurry of new development generated unprecedented demand for timber. Standard environmental histories have often depicted this as an era of reckless deforestation, akin to the resource misuse that devastated European forests at the same time. This comprehensive new study shows that the reality was more complex: as old-growth forests were cut down, new economic arrangements emerged to develop renewable timber resources. Historian Meng Zhang traces the trade routes that connected population centers of the Lower Yangzi Delta to timber supplies on China's southwestern frontier. She documents innovative property rights systems and economic incentives that convinced landowners to invest years in growing trees. Delving into rare archives to reconstruct business histories, she considers both the formal legal mechanisms and the informal interactions that helped balance economic profit with environmental management. Of driving concern were questions of sustainability: How to maintain a reliable source of timber across decades and centuries? And how to sustain a business network across a thousand miles? This carefully constructed study makes a major contribution to Chinese economic and environmental history and to world-historical discourses on resource management, early modern commercialization, and sustainable development.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 27,28 MB
Release : 1915
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN :
Author : William F. Hyde
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 26,21 MB
Release : 2010-09-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1136526544
International concerns about greenhouse gases and threats to biodiversity, as well as regional concerns about water supply, erosion control, watersheds, and local economic well-being make the study of forest policy more important than ever before. Understanding the factors that affect the forest environment in China, the country with the world's largest population and one of its most dynamic economies, is a critical step toward improving the long-term welfare of the global community. This is the first book to comprehensively evaluate the effects of forest policy as it has followed or extended from agricultural, trade, and other reforms that began in 1978. Among the issues it addresses are the pressures exerted by the growing economy on the forest environment, the environmental effects of extractive activities, the property rights arrangements that have fostered the most sustainable management practices, and the contribution that forestry can make as an agent of development. China's Forest Policy pays particular attention to China's successful use of economic incentives. As a laboratory for policy reforms, the geographic breadth of China, the diversity of its forest environments, and its extensive record of policy experimentation provides a rich supply of contrasting examples and statistically meaningful results. The analysis of these results offers important lessons for future policy reform in China and in almost every other nation in the world.
Author : Ian M. Miller
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 17,67 MB
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 029574734X
The disappearance of China’s naturally occurring forests is one of the most significant environmental shifts in the country’s history, one often blamed on imperial demand for lumber. China’s early modern forest history is typically viewed as a centuries-long process of environmental decline, culminating in a nineteenth-century social and ecological crisis. Pushing back against this narrative of deforestation, Ian Miller charts the rise of timber plantations between about 1000 and 1700, when natural forests were replaced with anthropogenic ones. Miller demonstrates that this form of forest management generally rested on private ownership under relatively distant state oversight and taxation. He further draws on in-depth case studies of shipbuilding and imperial logging to argue that this novel landscape was not created through simple extractive pressures, but by attempts to incorporate institutional and ecological complexity into a unified imperial state. Miller uses the emergence of anthropogenic forests in south China to rethink both temporal and spatial frameworks for Chinese history and the nature of Chinese empire. Because dominant European forestry models do not neatly overlap with the non-Western world, China’s history is often left out of global conversations about them; Miller’s work rectifies this omission and suggests that in some ways, China’s forest system may have worked better than the more familiar European institutions.
Author : Nicholas Kay Menzies
Publisher :
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 18,32 MB
Release : 1988
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN :
Author : Sir Norman Lockyer
Publisher :
Page : 942 pages
File Size : 37,54 MB
Release : 1915
Category : Electronic journals
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 870 pages
File Size : 42,81 MB
Release : 1916
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN :