Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride - Cost Analysis - Chlorine E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical membrane process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a membrane cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005 (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH




Calcium Hypochlorite Production via Sodium Method - Cost Analysis - Calcium Hypochlorite E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Calcium Hypochlorite production from slaked lime, sodium hydroxide and chlorine The process examined is a typical sodium process. This process consists mainly in passing chlorine into a slurry of slaked lime and sodium hydroxide, generating Calcium Hypochlorite and sodium chloride. After separation steps, Calcium Hypochlorite (about 70 wt%) and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride are obtained as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 4390512, issued to PPG Industries, Inc., in 1983 (2) US Patent 4428919, issued to PPG Industries, Inc., in 1984 Keywords: Caustic Soda, Calcium Salt, Bleaching Powder, Chlorination, Sodium Method, Slaked Lime




Sodium Hypochlorite via Chemical Process - Cost Analysis - Sodium Hypochlorite E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of sodium hypochlorite production from sodium hydroxide and chlorine. The process examined is a typical chemical process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Bleach, Chlorination, Caustic Soda, NaOH, Solvay Chemicals, Chlor-alkali




Sodium Chlorate Production - Cost Analysis - Sodium Chlorate E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Sodium Chlorate production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical electrolysis process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Electrolysis, Hot Sodium Chloride Solution, Electrolytic Cell




Allyl Chloride Production Process - Cost Analysis - Allyl Chl E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Allyl Chloride production from chlorine and propylene. The process examined is a typical chlorination process. In this process, hydrogen chloride (32 wt%) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Allyl Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005 (2) "Allyl Chloride", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: HCl, 3-Chloropropene, Allyl Alcohol, Epichlorohydrin




Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride - Cost Analysis - Chlorine E12A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical diaphragm process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a diaphragm cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition (2) EP Patent 1427871, issued to Industrie De Nora in 2011 Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH




Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride - Cost Analysis - Chlorine E13A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical mercury cell process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a mercury cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005 (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH




IPDI Production from Isophorone and Chlorine - Cost Analysis - IPDI E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) production from isophorone and chlorine. The process examined is a typical phosgenation process. In this process, isophorone diamine (IPDA) intermediate is initially obtained from isophorone. Then, IPDA reacts with phosgene to produce IPDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine and carbon monoxide in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 9187412 B2, issued to Evonik Degussa in 2015 (2) US Patent 8884063 B2, issued to BASF SE in 2014 (3) US Patent 8563768, issued to Covestro (fromer Bayer MaterialScience) in 2013 Keywords: Isophorone Diisocyanate, IPDI, Isophorone Diamine, IPDA, Phosgenation




Calcium Hypochlorite Production via Sodium Method - Cost Analysis - Calcium Hypochlorite E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of Calcium Hypochlorite production from slaked lime, sodium hydroxide and chlorine. The process examined is a typical sodium process. This process consists mainly in passing chlorine into a slurry of slaked lime and sodium hydroxide, generating Calcium Hypochlorite and sodium chloride. After separation steps, Calcium Hypochlorite (about 70 wt%) and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride are obtained as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 4390512, issued to PPG Industries, Inc., in 1983 (2) US Patent 4428919, issued to PPG Industries, Inc., in 1984 Keywords: Caustic Soda, Calcium Salt, Bleaching Powder, Chlorination, Sodium Method, Slaked Lime




Aluminium Chloride Production Process - Cost Analysis - Aluminium Chloride E11A


Book Description

This report presents a cost analysis of a typical Aluminium Chloride production process from aluminium metal and chlorine. In the process, chlorine gas is passed through molten aluminium powder in ceramic lined tube shaped reactors, producing Aluminium Chloride. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Aluminum Trichloride, Aluminium Scrap, Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride