Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Semantic Rhetoric


Book Description

This book is a necessary supplement to the theoretical exploration into semantic rhetoric, particularly a breakthrough in the study of the relationship between the source domain and target domain involved in the construction of semantic rhetorical discourse. The study focuses on rhetorical expressions constructed by means of semantic variation or deviation of concepts. Based on the holistic cognitive pragmatic model and the framework of impartment and inheritance of connotation and denotation, this book constructs a new framework, the Annotation-Denotation Relevance-Inheritance Model (ADRIM) to explain the construing of semantic rhetoric. Besides, rooted in the Index Hypothesis Theory and the research paradigm of affordance derivation in language comprehension, three ERP experiments on metaphor, irony, and pun, are conducted to demonstrate the psychological reality that people activate possible feature extraction in the process of understanding semantic rhetoric. With those sample analyses and experiments, the feasibility and operability of ADRIM are proved. The book unfolds a combined approach of speculative research and empirical research, and can provide a new methodological alternative for semantic rhetorical studies in different languages. This title will be an essential read to students and scholars of Linguistics, East Asian Studies, and social workers who are interested in Language Studies in general.




Studies on Chinese Discourse Grammar


Book Description

This book extends the traditional research perspective of single sentences and contexts to the textual structure of real discourse materials. Taking discourse functional grammar as its theoretical orientation, the book combines relevant theories with Chinese practice to work on a number of topics, including discourse phenomena and syntactic integration, the information status and discourse function of special syntactic structures, the emergence of discourse functions of metadiscourse components, and stylistic differences and their syntactic manifestations. Syntactic-semantic laws and discourse functions are examined in relation to each other, which better reveals their inner connection; a focus on the shaping of grammatical structures by interactional factors brings to light the functional motivations behind grammatical rules. In contrast to traditional Chinese grammar research, which takes individual simple or complex sentences as the object of study, this book mainly analyses grammatical phenomena that span sentences. By broadening the scope of research, it enables further exploration of issues that are difficult to address satisfactorily at the sentence level, thus enriching the study of Chinese grammar. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of interactional linguistics, Chinese linguistics and functional grammar.




The Chinese Rhyme Tables


Book Description

As the first volume of a two-volume set that studies Chinese rhyme tables, this book focuses on their emergence, development, structure, and patterns. Rhyme tables are tabulated tool constituted by phonological properties, which helps indicate the pronunciation of sinograms or Chinese characters, marking a precise and systematic account of the Chinese phonological system. This volume first discusses the emergence of the model and factors that determined its formation and evolution, including the Chinese tradition of the rhyme dictionary and the introduction of Buddhist scripts. The second part analyzes the structure and arrangement patterns of rhyme tables in detail, giving insights into the nature of “division” (deng): the classification and differentiation of speech sounds, of vital significance in the reconstruction of middle Chinese. The author argues that deng has nothing to do with vowel aperture or other phonetic features but is a natural result of rhyme table arrangement. He also reexamines the principles for irregular cases (menfa rules) and categorizes the 20 rules into three types. The book will appeal to scholars and student studying linguistics, Chinese phonology, and Sinology.




Modern Chinese Grammar IV


Book Description

Focusing on the special forms and Europeanized grammar of modern Chinese, this is the final volume of a classic on modern Chinese grammar by WANG Li, one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists. This volume deals with the special forms in modern Chinese grammar, covering topics such as 1) reduplicated syllable, reduplicated words and opposite term, 2) incorporation, combination and idiom, 3) onomatopoeia and scene-painting, 4) repetition, 5) continuation and omission, 6) inversion and parenthesis and 7) interjection. The latter part of the volume concentrates on the changes in modern Chinese grammar resulting from the influence of Western languages, with the following aspects of Europeanized grammar being explored: 1) the coinage of disyllabic words, 2) the increase of subjects and copulas, 3) the extension of sentence lengths, 4) the Europeanization of potential forms, passive forms, markers and connective constituents and 5) new methods of substitution and numeration. Including a wide variety of examples and analyses, this book is a must-read for Chinese language learners, as well as researchers and students studying Chinese linguistics and modern Chinese grammar.




Singapore Mandarin Grammar II


Book Description

As the second volume of a two-volume set that presents a comprehensive syntactical picture of Singapore Mandarin, this title analyses various expressions relating to number, quantity, time and place, composite sentences and the characteristics and standardisation of Singapore Mandarin. The first two chapters discuss expressions of number, quantity, time and place in Singapore Mandarin and touch upon the differences in these expressions between Singapore and Chinese Mandarin (Putonghua). Composite sentences are then analysed, covering seven types of compound sentences and eight types of complex sentences, as well as connective words with a focus on conjunctions. The final part of the volume analyses the characteristics of Singapore Mandarin grammar compared with Chinese Mandarin, on the level of phrase, lexicon and sentence. From the perspectives of language contact, political and social contexts and bilingualism, it summarises the possible reasons for the differences between the two varieties of Chinese and points out primary challenges and major concerns of the standardisation of Singapore Mandarin. With rich and authentic language examples, the book will serve as a must read for learners and teachers of Mandarin Chinese and linguistics scholars interested in global Chinese and especially Singapore Mandarin.




A Complementary Study of Lexicalist Approaches and Constructionist Approaches


Book Description

This book presents a complementary study of lexicalist approaches and constructionist approaches in linguistics. Specific topics discussed include different versions of semantic roles, predicate decomposition, event structures, argument realizations, and cognitive construction grammars. For decades, the relationship between certain concepts and constructions along with related issues of verb-construction associations have been perennially taxing for both lexicalist and constructionist approaches alike. Indeed, in Chinese, unmatched verb-construction associations and the much richer alternate realizations pose very difficult problems. Based on a comparative study, the authors make an attempt to account for the possible correspondence between the delicacy of argument setting and the principles of their realization. They also account for the integration of construction with verbs in terms of their coherent conceptual content. The resultant newly developed model throws new light on these thorny Chinese problems. The book will appeal to scholars and students studying cognitive linguistics, cognitive semantics, computational linguistics, and also natural language processing. The book also brings up some new analysis of Chinese data for both researchers and learners of Modern Chinese.




Automated Written Corrective Feedback in Research Paper Revision


Book Description

This book studies the use of an automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems in research paper revision for publication purposes by Chinese doctoral students. Research writing skills are essential for achieving academic status, and AWE tools can be a great companion on the journey. However, AWE tools may provide a disservice if users do not stay alert to inaccurate feedback, inaccurate correction suggestions, and missed errors. The effects of accurate feedback on revision outcomes have been the focus of a number of AWE studies, but student engagement and revision results in cases of inaccurate feedback and missed errors have rarely been investigated. Such investigations can provide practical advice on using automated feedback in research writing. This book provides a comprehensive evaluation of AWE tools and profiles student engagement with tool use in cases of different qualities of feedback. It can empower novice scholars and improve the effectiveness of academic writing instructors. The findings can also inform AWE system developers about possible ways of system improvement for research paper writing. The book will be particularly useful to students and scholars of language and linguistic studies, education, and academic English writing.




Singapore Mandarin Grammar I


Book Description

As the first volume of a two-volume set that presents a comprehensive syntactical picture of Singapore Mandarin, this title discusses the distinguishing characteristics of the Chinese language and describes the grammar of Singapore Mandarin. The book first provides an overview of the grammar of Singapore Mandarin and compares it with Chinese Mandarin (Putonghua). As a variety of Mandarin Chinese, Singapore Mandarin is also characterised by syntactic rules taking precedence over morphological rules. Therefore, it is argued that word order and functional words are specifically important in the study of Singapore Mandarin. Then the author explicates the properties and functions of the following nine grammatical components: the five most basic phrase types, word classes, sentences, subjects and predicates, predicates and objects, predicates and complements, attributes and adverbials, complex predicate phrases, and prepositions and prepositional phrases. With rich and authentic language examples, the book will serve as a must-read for learners and teachers of Mandarin Chinese and linguistics scholars interested in global Chinese and especially Singapore Mandarin.




The Cultural Turn in Translation Studies


Book Description

Applying the latest Western translation theories to the situation in China, this book redefines translation from an interdisciplinary and intercultural perspective, bringing intercultural semiotic translation into the sight of translation researchers. The book systematically expounds on the cultural turn in translation studies, and contributes to the escape of translation studies from the "cage of language". It focuses on discussing the deconstructive, post-modernist, and cultural translation theories that have motivated and promoted the cultural turn, especially Benjamin’s translation theory, Derrida’s deconstructive view of translation, and post-colonial translation theory. It also discusses in detail the theories of major international translation theorists, including Hillis Miller, Wolfgang Iser, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, André Lefevere, Susan Bassnett, and Lawrence Venuti. These theories are mostly based on examples from Western or English-language texts, leaving a wide gap in the discourse of the field. This book seeks to fill that gap. For example, intercultural semiotic translation is defined and explained through the successful experiences of the Chinese translator Fu Lei. The role of translation during the Chinese revolution and the relocation of Chinese culture in the global cultural landscape through translation are also discussed. This book will be an essential read to students and scholars of translation studies and Chinese studies. It will also be a useful resource for translators and researchers of comparative literature and cultural studies.




Historical Phonology of Chinese


Book Description

As an important introduction to the phonological history of Chinese, this title explores the phonological systems of the Chinese language and explains basic concepts, materials and methodologies. Unlike many historical accounts, this book adopts a reverse chronological sequence – starting with the phonology of Modern Mandarin and modern Chinese dialects, then looking back on Early Mandarin and Middle Chinese, and ultimately ending with Old Chinese phonology. This arrangement makes the book reasonably approachable to both professionals and general readers, building up knowledge along an ascending order of difficulty, from familiar, observable facts to theoretical, speculative hypotheses. Based on the extant studies and two essential types of rhyme materials, the book reconstructs the speech sounds of Middle and Old Chinese, in terms of initials, finals and tones. It also analyses the transition and evolution of phonological systems of the Chinese language in different periods. Marking the beginning of historical Chinese phonological studies and drawing on modern Western linguistics, this book will serve as an essential read for students and researchers of Chinese language, Chinese linguistics and especially historical Chinese phonology.