Combustion Experiments With North Dakota Lignite (Classic Reprint)


Book Description

Excerpt from Combustion Experiments With North Dakota Lignite The Bureau of Mines is conducting an extensive investigation of methods of burning different fuels under power-plant boilers and in house-heating furnaces, with a view to effecting improvement of the methods or equipment, thus decreasing waste and promoting a more efficient utilization of fuel resources. Some of the publications that the bureau has issued on the economical use of coal are Tech nical Paper 80, Hand Firing Soft Coal Under power-plant Boil ers; Technical Paper 97, Saving Fuel in Heating a House; Technical Paper 137, Combustion in the Fuel Bed of hand-fired Furnaces; Technical Paper 139, low-rate Combustion in Fuel Beds of hand-fired Furnaces; Technical Paper 180, Firing Bitu minous Coals in Large house-heating Boilers; Technical Paper 199, Five Ways of Saving Coal in Heating Houses; and Bulletin 135, Combustion of Coal and Design of Furnaces. This paper gives the results of combustion tests of North Dakota lignite burned in two forms - natural lignite as it comes from the mine and the carbonized residue from gas retorts. The tests were made by burning the fuels at various rates in experimental furnaces and by studying the processes of combustion. The information thus obtained was used in determining some of the general principles on which a successful furnace can be developed for use under power plant boilers and for house-heating apparatus. A small furnace of this character was designed and tested with promising results. All the experiments were conducted in the fuel-efficiency laboratory of the Bureau of Mines, at Pittsburgh, Pa. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.



















Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion Testing of North Dakota Lignite


Book Description

The sulfur retention by the inherent alkali, and added limestone sorbent, perform about the same and are reasonably predictable within a range of about +-10% retention by application of alkali to sulfur ratio. Temperature has a substantial effect on the retention of sulfur by the inherent alkali or limestone. The temperature effect is not yet fully understood but it appears to be different for different coals and operational conditions. The emission of SO2 from the fluid bed burning the Beulah lignite sample used for these tests can be controlled to meet or better the current emission standards. The injection of limestone to an alkali-to-sulfur molar ratio of 1.5 to 1, should lower the SO2 emissions below the current requirement of 0.6 lb SO2/106 Btu to 0.4 lb SO2/106 Btu, a safe 33% below the standard. Agglomeration of bed material, and consequent loss of fluidization quality can be a problem when burning high sodium lignite in a silica bed. There appears, however, to be several ways of controlling the problem including the injection of calcium compounds, and careful control of operating conditions. The heat transfer coefficients measured in the CPC and GFETC tests are comparable to data obtained by other researchers, and agree reasonably well with empirical conditions. The NOx emissions measured in all of the tests on Beulah lignite are below the current New Source Performance Standard of 0.5 lb NO2/106 Btu input. Combustion efficiencies for the Beulah lignite are generally quite high when ash recycle is being used. Efficiencies in the range of 98% to 99%+ have been measured in all tests using this fuel.