Author :
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,90 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Geriatrics
ISBN :
Objective: To create a systematic synthesis of the published evidence about the prevalence of eight geriatric syndromes and their association with survival and institutionalization, and to provide a review of models that report survival in elderly populations. --Abstract.
Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 27,51 MB
Release : 2013-04-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781484117736
Geriatric syndromes can lead to age-related decline in well-being among elderly adults. The signs and symptoms encompassed by geriatric syndromes span multiple physiological systems related to functional dependency. A number of syndromes identified by longitudinal studies are associated with reduced function and quality of life and increased risk of institutionalization and mortality. However, variations in syndrome definitions make systematic discussion of their effects difficult. Routine clinical practice includes assessment of age-related chronic diseases based on accepted diagnostic criteria. In contrast, comprehensive geriatric assessment goes beyond examination for chronic diseases and focuses on functional independence in daily activities and optimal interventions to improve functional status and quality of life. Indeed, comprehensive geriatric assessment emphasizes functional status as a major quality of life factor for older adults. Quality of life improvements for older adults require addressing geriatric syndromes in addition to managing chronic disease. A geriatric syndrome's definition, along with its combination with any chronic disease, affects the syndrome's association with patient-centered outcomes, including quality of life, institutionalization, and mortality. Certain factors are long known to affect patient-centered outcomes. For example, the persistently strong association between self-assessed health status and patient-centered outcomes remains a marvel. Similarly, dependency, defined as deficiencies in activities of daily living (ADLs), also associates strongly with patient-centered outcomes. Systematic reviews have yet to examine other syndromes, such as cognitive impairment, frailty, poor nutrition status, or chronic inflammation for prevalence or association with institutionalization and mortality. This review examines what is known about common geriatric syndromes and their effect on the clinical course of older patients. Our analysis examines the extent to which varying definitions of each syndrome can affect determination of its prevalence and its association with patient-centered outcomes. In general, we anticipate a reciprocal relationship; the more inclusive the definition, the higher the prevalence. More encompassing definitions or those with lower thresholds will inevitably raise prevalence estimates and be less precise in their predictive power than more stringent definitions with higher cut scores. For example, Manton applied ADL- and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)-related measures for disability to describe a pattern of decline in prevalence over two decades. This review synthesizes the evidence for the following research questions. Key Question 1. What is the definition and prevalence of common syndromes/conditions in older adults? Key Question 2. What is the prevalence of common syndromes/conditions in older adults in sex, age, race, ethnicity, and other subgroups? Key Question 3. What is the association between these common syndromes/conditions and mortality, institutionalization, hospitalization, and activities of daily living? Key Question 4. What statistical and decisionmaking models report mortality based on these common geriatric syndromes/conditions?
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 38,19 MB
Release : 2020-05-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309671035
Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Author : Christian Nickel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 41,88 MB
Release : 2017-12-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 331919318X
This book discusses all important aspects of emergency medicine in older people, identifying the particular care needs of this population, which all too often remain unmet. The up-to-date and in-depth coverage will assist emergency physicians in identifying patients at risk for adverse outcomes, in conducting appropriate assessment,and in providing timely and adequate care. Particular attention is paid to the commonpitfalls in emergency management andmeans of avoiding them. Between 1980 and 2013, the number of older patients in emergency departmentsworldwide doubled. Compared with younger patients, older people suffer from more comorbidities, a higher mortality rate, require more complex assessment and diagnostic testing, and tend to stay longer in the emergency department. This book, written by internationally recognized experts in emergency medicine and geriatrics, not only presents the state of the art in the care of this population but also underlines the increasing need for adequate training and development in the field.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 20,72 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN :
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 27,89 MB
Release : 2008-08-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309131952
As the first of the nation's 78 million baby boomers begin reaching age 65 in 2011, they will face a health care workforce that is too small and woefully unprepared to meet their specific health needs. Retooling for an Aging America calls for bold initiatives starting immediately to train all health care providers in the basics of geriatric care and to prepare family members and other informal caregivers, who currently receive little or no training in how to tend to their aging loved ones. The book also recommends that Medicare, Medicaid, and other health plans pay higher rates to boost recruitment and retention of geriatric specialists and care aides. Educators and health professional groups can use Retooling for an Aging America to institute or increase formal education and training in geriatrics. Consumer groups can use the book to advocate for improving the care for older adults. Health care professional and occupational groups can use it to improve the quality of health care jobs.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 49,93 MB
Release : 2020-07-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309670950
The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide disability benefits: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. SSDI provides disability benefits to people (under the full retirement age) who are no longer able to work because of a disabling medical condition. SSI provides income assistance for disabled, blind, and aged people who have limited income and resources regardless of their prior participation in the labor force. Both programs share a common disability determination process administered by SSA and state agencies as well as a common definition of disability for adults: "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." Disabled workers might receive either SSDI benefits or SSI payments, or both, depending on their recent work history and current income and assets. Disabled workers might also receive benefits from other public programs such as workers' compensation, which insures against work-related illness or injuries occurring on the job, but those other programs have their own definitions and eligibility criteria. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment identifies and defines the professionally accepted, standard measurements of outcomes improvement for medical conditions. This report also identifies specific, long-lasting medical conditions for adults in the categories of mental health disorders, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Specifically, these conditions are disabling for a length of time, but typically don't result in permanently disabling limitations; are responsive to treatment; and after a specific length of time of treatment, improve to the point at which the conditions are no longer disabling.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 13,95 MB
Release : 2007-10-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309104726
The future of disability in America will depend on how well the U.S. prepares for and manages the demographic, fiscal, and technological developments that will unfold during the next two to three decades. Building upon two prior studies from the Institute of Medicine (the 1991 Institute of Medicine's report Disability in America and the 1997 report Enabling America), The Future of Disability in America examines both progress and concerns about continuing barriers that limit the independence, productivity, and participation in community life of people with disabilities. This book offers a comprehensive look at a wide range of issues, including the prevalence of disability across the lifespan; disability trends the role of assistive technology; barriers posed by health care and other facilities with inaccessible buildings, equipment, and information formats; the needs of young people moving from pediatric to adult health care and of adults experiencing premature aging and secondary health problems; selected issues in health care financing (e.g., risk adjusting payments to health plans, coverage of assistive technology); and the organizing and financing of disability-related research. The Future of Disability in America is an assessment of both principles and scientific evidence for disability policies and services. This book's recommendations propose steps to eliminate barriers and strengthen the evidence base for future public and private actions to reduce the impact of disability on individuals, families, and society.
Author : Wallace Lynn Smith
Publisher : Spectrum _
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 40,33 MB
Release : 1977
Category : Medical
ISBN :
Author : National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (Great Britain)
Publisher : RCPsych Publications
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 37,97 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Health services accessibility
ISBN : 9781908020314
Bringing together treatment and referral advice from existing guidelines, this text aims to improve access to services and recognition of common mental health disorders in adults and provide advice on the principles that need to be adopted to develop appropriate referral and local care pathways.
