Mental Disorders and Disabilities Among Low-Income Children


Book Description

Children living in poverty are more likely to have mental health problems, and their conditions are more likely to be severe. Of the approximately 1.3 million children who were recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) disability benefits in 2013, about 50% were disabled primarily due to a mental disorder. An increase in the number of children who are recipients of SSI benefits due to mental disorders has been observed through several decades of the program beginning in 1985 and continuing through 2010. Nevertheless, less than 1% of children in the United States are recipients of SSI disability benefits for a mental disorder. At the request of the Social Security Administration, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children compares national trends in the number of children with mental disorders with the trends in the number of children receiving benefits from the SSI program, and describes the possible factors that may contribute to any differences between the two groups. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, and the levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. The report focuses on 6 mental disorders, chosen due to their prevalence and the severity of disability attributed to those disorders within the SSI disability program: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and mood disorders. While this report is not a comprehensive discussion of these disorders, Mental Disorders and Disability Among Low-Income Children provides the best currently available information regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and expectations for the disorder time course - both the natural course and under treatment.




A History of Mental Retardation


Book Description




Mental Retardation


Book Description

Current estimates suggest that between one and three percent of people living in the United States will receive a diagnosis of mental retardation. Mental retardation, a condition characterized by deficits in intellectual capabilities and adaptive behavior, can be particularly hard to diagnose in the mild range of the disability. The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides income support and medical benefits to individuals with cognitive limitations who experience significant problems in their ability to perform work and may therefore be in need of governmental support. Addressing the concern that SSA's current procedures are consistent with current scientific and professional practices, this book evaluates the process used by SSA to determine eligibility for these benefits. It examines the adequacy of the SSA definition of mental retardation and its current procedures for assessing intellectual capabilities, discusses adaptive behavior and its assessment, advises on ways to combine intellectual and adaptive assessment to provide a complete profile of an individual's capabilities, and clarifies ways to differentiate mental retardation from other conditions.




Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders


Book Description

Brain disordersâ€"neurological, psychiatric, and developmentalâ€"now affect at least 250 million people in the developing world, and this number is expected to rise as life expectancy increases. Yet public and private health systems in developing countries have paid relatively little attention to brain disorders. The negative attitudes, prejudice, and stigma that often surround many of these disorders have contributed to this neglect. Lacking proper diagnosis and treatment, millions of individual lives are lost to disability and death. Such conditions exact both personal and economic costs on families, communities, and nations. The report describes the causes and risk factors associated with brain disorders. It focuses on six representative brain disorders that are prevalent in developing countries: developmental disabilities, epilepsy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and stroke. The report makes detailed recommendations of ways to reduce the toll exacted by these six disorders. In broader strokes, the report also proposes six major strategies toward reducing the overall burden of brain disorders in the developing world.




Problem Based Learning in Mental Retardation


Book Description

Many students and trainees starting their work with people having mental retardation find it difficult to understand the similarities and uniqueness with which they present and the need for good management. There are a variety of service inputs and models to meet some of the mental health needs of children, young people and adults with learning disabilities. The services for such children are provided by specific Learning Disability psychiatric teams or by challenging behaviour teams. Generic child health and the voluntary sectors provide some elements of the service. However, the above mentioned services do not have a specific remit to look after all the physical and mental health needs of children and young people with learning disabilities and that has created a lack of coherence in service provision. Professionals working with these children, need a basic understanding of the needs, assessment methods and management techniques and this book tries to address those issues. There is some confusion with the terminology used for this client group. The Department of Health adopted learning disability as the term to identify the condition of mental retardation, the term used in the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition ICD-10. The Department of Education uses the term learning difficulty (Education Act 1993) and the American literature uses learning disability to refer to the ICD-10 term specific developmental disorders. In this book, in order to increase consistency we will use the ICD-10 terminology. The book is aimed to be a basic introductory book focussing on essential theory and practice of managing learning disability and mental health issues related to learning disability. The MCQ's and problem solving way of presentation is designed to avoid repetition and to help in focussed learning for examinations.




International Review of Research in Mental Retardation


Book Description

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Volume 35 of the series offers chapters on theory and research, social cognition and social competence in children with Down Sydrome, the Flynn Effect and the role of IQ, remaining open to quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method designs, active support, child abuse, and the role of siblings of children with mental retardation. The wide range of topics covered in these chapters make Volume 35 of the International Review of Research in Mental Retardation a particularly valuable resource for academic researchers in developmental and cognitive psychology, as well as those in neuropsychology. - Provides the most recent scholarly research in the study of mental retardation - A vast range of perspectives is offered, and many topics are covered - An excellent resource for academic researchers




Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development


Book Description

This book reviews theoretical and empirical work in the developmental approach to mental retardation. Armed with methods derived from the study of typically developing children, developmentalists have recently learned about the mentally retarded child's own development in a variety of areas. These areas now encompass many aspects of cognition, language, social and adaptive functioning, as well as of maladaptive behavior and psychopathology. In addition to a focus on individuals with mental retardation themselves, familial and other "ecological" factors have influenced developmental approaches to mental retardation. Comprised of twenty-seven chapters on various aspects of development, this handbook provides a timely, comprehensive guide to understanding mental retardation and development.




International Review of Research in Mental Retardation


Book Description

International Review of Research in Mental Retardation is an ongoing scholarly look at research into the causes, effects, classification systems, syndromes, etc. of mental retardation. Contributors come from wide-ranging perspectives, including genetics, psychology, education, and other health and behavioral sciences. Volume 32 of the series offers chapters in language development, residential services research, the intersection of poverty and socio-economic position with intellectual disability, prenatal stress and adverse birth outcome, fluid cognition, dietary habits, and screening for autism. The wide range of topics covered in these chapters make Volume 32 of the International Review of Research in Mental Retardation a particularly valuable resource for academic researchers in developmental and cognitive psychology, as well as those in neuropsychology. - Provides the most recent scholarly research in the study of mental retardation - A vast range of perspectives is offered, and many topics are covered - An excellent resource for academic researchers




Movement Differences and Diversity in Autism/mental Retardation


Book Description

In this book the authors demonstrate the neglected discipline of seeking a new pattern of understanding. They carefully note anomalies, irregularities likely to be ignored or explained away in routine practice : irregularities such as the many accommodations people with disabilities and those who care about them have invented beneath the notice of the professionals who ordinarily control their treatment. They search for hints of a pattern disclosed by these anomalies, a search with indicates fruitful links to neurology and to Vygotsky's developmental psychology.




Speech and Communication Problems in Psychiatry


Book Description

This volume represents a painstaking and scholarly introduction to the management of children and adults who have problems of communi cation related to, or in addition to, mental disorder. It is a relatively unexplored field having received scant attention until recent years, but the quality of the work included here gives a clear indication that the area should move from the periphery into a main stream position in the education and practice of speech therapists. Although all students in training receive some teaching in the area of psychiatry it tends to be limited to a brief consideration of the role of the psychiatrist, and clinical psychologist - very rarely the speech therapist. It has been proposed that the education of the speech therapist who intends to enter this difficult but rewarding field should be developed at post graduate level and there are strong arguments given in this volume to support the idea. Claims that the field is neglected during initial training are, however, well founded and this volume should alert those responsible for the education of speech therapists to this deficiency.