Community Education and Crime Prevention


Book Description

Paperback released by IAP in May, 2008 Scholars in various disciplines are recommending comprehensive measures to solve multiple societal as well as individual problems. The philosophy of "community education" has been overlooked but is a workable, comprehensive approach to addressing crime. As used in this book, community education is a philosophy, process, and program comprised of three overriding and interrelated elements: community empowerment, community problem-solving, and the effort to involve all community members in the pursuit of lifelong learning. The Hyde Park neighborhood in St. Louis has one of the highest rates of reported drug sales and high rates of homicide, robbery, aggravated assault, arson, and burglary. The community lays claim to several crime-inducing variables including population loss, a high percentage of population shift resulting in a higher percentage of black population and boarded-up housing units, a high rate of unemployment, a very low per capita income and a high percentage of citizens living below the poverty line, and a high percentage of female-headed households. Nevertheless, the people of Hyde Park are participating in a crime prevention approach that is applicable to all communities. Insights to urban life and problem solving are provided by community members, covering such topics as policing and how it can be improved. These insights and others offered by the author are supported by theories and philosophies found in the literature. In the process of solving their own problems, community members involve themselves in lifelong learning activities and leadership development. Written in a style that is appealing to the general public as well as academics, it is of special interest to educators, community leaders, criminologists, academics in urban affairs and sociology, social workers, law enforcement agents, and politicians.




Crime Prevention and Community Safety


Book Description

Crime prevention and community safety have never before been so high on the public and political agendas, and preventing crime has become a central concern of government - both national and local. This book provides a much-needed account of crime prevention and community safety, examining the issues and debates that have arisen, and explaining them in the light of research evidence. The nature and consequences of the shift to crime prevention upon relations between the state and individuals are considered, as are the implications for the many organisations increasingly charged with responsibility for delivering community safety. In analysing the development of crime prevention in Britain, Adam Crawford draws on domestic as well as comparative research and practical experiences. What is meant by crime prevention? What understandings of human nature and crime causation do specific preventive strategies assume? How do political perspectives shape and influence such strategies? What are the likely future directions of crime prevention? These are just some of the important questions addressed in this book. Adam Crawford steers the reader through the theoretical arguments and debates in this area, supporting and illustrating his analysis throughout with practical examples from case studies. In so doing, he outlines and evaluates the growing importance of crime prevention and community safety within the contemporary British system of crime control, providing both students and professionals in the field with a highly informative key text.




Proactive Policing


Book Description

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.




Community Crime Prevention


Book Description







Crime Prevention


Book Description

This text presents an international approach to the study of crime prevention. It offers an expansive overview of crime prevention initiatives and how they are applied across a wide range of themes and infractions, from conventional to non-conventional forms of crime. Based on a review of the literature, this is the first text to offer a broad, yet comprehensive, examination of how and why crime prevention has gained considerable traction as an alternative to conventional criminal justice practices of crime control in developed countries, and to provide a cross-sectional view of how crime prevention has been applied and how effective such initiatives have been. Crime Prevention: International Perspectives, Issues, and Trends is suitable for undergraduate students in criminology and criminal justice programs, as well as for graduates and undergraduates in special topics courses.




The Social Benefits of Education


Book Description

For decades, the primary argument in justifying education has been based on its direct economic effects. Yet education also provides "social benefits" for individuals and society at large, including a better way of taking care of ourselves, and consequently creating a better society to live in. Though it is difficult to quantify these social benefits, a more systematic analysis would improve our understanding of the full effects of education and provide a basis for considering related policies. The Office of Research of the United States Department of Education commissioned a series of papers on measuring these effects of education. Those papers, revised and updated, are collected here. Kenneth J. Arrow provides perspective on education and preference formation, and Jere R. Behrman considers general conceptual and measurement issues in assessing the social benefits of education and policies related to education. These issues are taken up by experts in four fields--health, parenting, the environment, and crime. Themes addressed include measurement issues regarding what we mean by education and its benefits; basic analytical issues in assessing the impact of education on these social benefits using behavioral data; and whether the social benefits of education justify public policy interventions. Jere R. Behrman is William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania. Nevzer G. Stacey is Senior Research Analyst, Office of Educational Research, U.S. Department of Education.




Music in American Crime Prevention and Punishment


Book Description

A critical examination of the ways in which music is understood and exploited in American law enforcement and justice