Comparative Toxicity of Sewage-effluent Disinfection to Freshwater Aquatic Life
Author : John W. Arthur
Publisher :
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 35,41 MB
Release : 1975
Category : Aquatic ecology
ISBN :
Author : John W. Arthur
Publisher :
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 35,41 MB
Release : 1975
Category : Aquatic ecology
ISBN :
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 10,64 MB
Release : 2004-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309166411
The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 26,13 MB
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309048753
Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 26,77 MB
Release : 1996-03-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0309053919
Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.
Author : Christopher J. Gordon
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 17,14 MB
Release : 2005-02-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1420037900
Thermoregulation is vital for survival but the interplay between toxic insults and thermoregulatory mechanisms is often poorly understood. Temperature and Toxicology: An Integrative, Comparative, and Environmental Approach is the first major text to study the integrative thermoregulatory responses of mammals that are exposed to toxicants. Because e
Author : Elton Leeman McCawley
Publisher :
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 21,64 MB
Release : 1942
Category : Chlorobutane
ISBN :
Author : Donald W. Sparling
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 946 pages
File Size : 32,30 MB
Release : 2010-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 1420064177
Building on the success of its popular predecessor, the second edition of Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles presents newly available findings on the species that are important environmental indicators. This new edition covers nearly twice as many topics as the first, including recent developments in the ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptil
Author : David J. Hoffman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1316 pages
File Size : 29,34 MB
Release : 2002-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 142003250X
Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. Focusing on toxic substance and how they affect the ecosystems worldwide, the book presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. This is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 882 pages
File Size : 46,64 MB
Release : 1975
Category : American periodicals
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 42,18 MB
Release : 2002
Category : Water quality biological assessment
ISBN : 1428905375