Compressor Surge and Stall


Book Description

High efficiency axial and centrifugal compressors are important in fields as diverse as aircraft engines, superchargers and turbochargers, process and refrigeration compressors. Compressors must achieve high efficiency in blade rows in diffusing flow fields. Of equal and sometimes greater importance is the range os stable operation of the compressor. Blade row stall characteristics determine the limit os stable operation. Blading can stall uniformly with symmetric flow breakdown or asymmetrically in rotating stall, wich propagates around the periphery of the blade row. Depending on aerodynamic conditions, surge may occur instead of, in concert with, or subsequent to blade row stall. The transient breakdown and recovery of aerodynamic loading not only limits compressor performance but also leads to mechanical failures caused by the vibrational loads imposed on the blades. There is no need to know what initiates these performance limits so that surge and stall margins can be optimized and control strategies can be planned. the first step toward understanding is to be knowledgeable about he physical processes occurring during surge and stall. This will permit the designer to anticipate variable geometry needs such as variable inlet guide vanes, variable statuors, and bleed port strategies. Theoritical treatment is far from being well established, however, there are many approaches discussed in the literature. This book is a unique reference to the subject matter. Physical descriptions of the phenomena are given, test results are presented, and analytical studies are discussed. There has been much written about the experimental investigations and theoretical treatments related to surge and stall. To assist those who would pursue advancements in furthering ou knowledge of surge and stall, it seemed appropriate to have a resource that contains a compendium of information on this subject. That is the purpose of this book. [Source : d'après la 4e de couverture].







Compressor Surge and Rotating Stall


Book Description

The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies . . . , new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. Operating plant as close as possible to constraint boundaries so often brings economic benefits in industrial process control. This is the conundrum at the heart of this monograph by Tommy Gravdahl and Olav Egeland on stall control for compressors. Operation of the compressor closer to the surge line can increase operational efficiency and flexibility The approach taken by the authors follows the modern control system paradigm: -physical understanding, detailed modelling and simulation studies and finally control studies. The thoroughness of the presentation, bibliography and appendices indicates that the volume has all the hallmarks of being a classic for its subject. Despite the monograph's narrow technical content, the techniques and insights presented should appeal to the wider industrial control community as well as the gas turbine/compressor specialist. M. J. Grimble and M. A.




Gas Turbines for Electric Power Generation


Book Description

Everything you wanted to know about industrial gas turbines for electric power generation in one source with hard-to-find, hands-on technical information.




Radial Flow Turbocompressors


Book Description

An introduction to the theory and engineering practice that underpins the component design and analysis of radial flow turbocompressors. Drawing upon an extensive theoretical background and years of practical experience, the authors provide descriptions of applications, concepts, component design, analysis tools, performance maps, flow stability, and structural integrity, with illustrative examples. Features wide coverage of all types of radial compressor over many applications unified by the consistent use of dimensional analysis. Discusses the methods needed to analyse the performance, flow, and mechanical integrity that underpin the design of efficient centrifugal compressors with good flow range and stability. Includes explanation of the design of all radial compressor components, including inlet guide vanes, impellers, diffusers, volutes, return channels, de-swirl vanes and side-streams. Suitable as a reference for advanced students of turbomachinery, and a perfect tool for practising mechanical and aerospace engineers already within the field and those just entering it.




Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook


Book Description

The Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook has been the standard for engineers involved in the design, selection, and operation of gas turbines. This revision includes new case histories, the latest techniques, and new designs to comply with recently passed legislation. By keeping the book up to date with new, emerging topics, Boyce ensures that this book will remain the standard and most widely used book in this field. The new Third Edition of the Gas Turbine Engineering Hand Book updates the book to cover the new generation of Advanced gas Turbines. It examines the benefit and some of the major problems that have been encountered by these new turbines. The book keeps abreast of the environmental changes and the industries answer to these new regulations. A new chapter on case histories has been added to enable the engineer in the field to keep abreast of problems that are being encountered and the solutions that have resulted in solving them. - Comprehensive treatment of Gas Turbines from Design to Operation and Maintenance. In depth treatment of Compressors with emphasis on surge, rotating stall, and choke; Combustors with emphasis on Dry Low NOx Combustors; and Turbines with emphasis on Metallurgy and new cooling schemes. An excellent introductory book for the student and field engineers - A special maintenance section dealing with the advanced gas turbines, and special diagnostic charts have been provided that will enable the reader to troubleshoot problems he encounters in the field - The third edition consists of many Case Histories of Gas Turbine problems. This should enable the field engineer to avoid some of these same generic problems




High-Gain Observers in Nonlinear Feedback Control


Book Description

For over a quarter of a century, high-gain observers have been used extensively in the design of output feedback control of nonlinear systems. This book presents a clear, unified treatment of the theory of high-gain observers and their use in feedback control. Also provided is a discussion of the separation principle for nonlinear systems; this differs from other separation results in the literature in that recovery of stability as well as performance of state feedback controllers is given. The author provides a detailed discussion of applications of high-gain observers to adaptive control and regulation problems and recent results on the extended high-gain observers. In addition, the author addresses two challenges that face the implementation of high-gain observers: high dimension and measurement noise. Low-power observers are presented for high-dimensional systems. The effect of measurement noise is characterized and techniques to reduce that effect are presented. The book ends with discussion of digital implementation of the observers. Readers will find comprehensive coverage of the main results on high-gain observers; rigorous, self-contained proofs of all results; and numerous examples that illustrate and provide motivation for the results. The book is intended for engineers and applied mathematicians who design or research feedback control systems.




Bond Graph Methodology


Book Description

Nowadays, engineering systems are of ever-increasing complexity and must be c- sidered asmultidisciplinary systems composed of interacting subsystems or system components from different engineering disciplines. Thus, an integration of various engineering disciplines, e.g, mechanical, electrical and control engineering in ac- current design approach is required. With regard to the systematic development and analysis of system models,interdisciplinary computer aided methodologies are - coming more and more important. A graphical description formalism particularly suited for multidisciplinary s- tems arebondgraphs devised by Professor Henry Paynter in as early as 1959 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and in use since then all over the world. This monograph is devoted exclusively to the bond graph methodology. It gives a comprehensive, in-depth, state-of-the-art presentation including recent results sc- tered over research articles and dissertations and research contributions by the - thor to a number of topics. The book systematically covers the fundamentals of developing bond graphs and deriving mathematical models from them, the recent developments in meth- ology, symbolic and numerical processing of mathematical models derived from bond graphs. Additionally it discusses modern modelling languages, the paradigm of object-oriented modelling, modern software that can be used for building and for processing of bond graph models, and provides a chapter with small case studies illustrating various applications of the methodology.




Gas Turbine Performance


Book Description

A significant addition to the literature on gas turbine technology, the second edition of Gas Turbine Performance is a lengthy text covering product advances and technological developments. Including extensive figures, charts, tables and formulae, this book will interest everyone concerned with gas turbine technology, whether they are designers, marketing staff or users.




1. Forsthoffer's Rotating Equipment Handbooks


Book Description

'Fundamentals of Rotating Equipment' is an overview of the main types of rotating machinery in industry, and covers such aspects as system dynamics, surge control, vibration and balancing, radial bearing design, performance parameters, rotor system design and operation, rotor axial (thrust) forces, performance objectives and mechanical restraints, auxiliary systems and seals. This book will enhance rotating equipment reliability and safety throughout the many industries where such equipment is vital to a successful business. Over recent years there have been substantial changes in those industries which are concerned with the design, purchase and use of special purpose (ie critical, high-revenue) rotating equipment. Key personnel have been the victims of early retirement or have moved to other industries: contractors and end-users have reduced their technical staff and consequently have to learn complex material ‘from scratch’. As a result, many companies are finding that they are devoting unnecessary man hours to the discovery and explanation of basic principles, and having to explain these to clients who should already be aware of them. In addition, the lack of understanding by contractors and users of equipment characteristics and operating systems often results in a ‘wrong fit’ and a costly reliability problem. The stakes can be high, and it against this background that this book has been published. It is the outcome of many years experience and is based on well-honed teaching material which is easily readable, understandable and actually enjoyable! This is a five volume set. The volumes are: 1. Fundamentals of Rotating Equipment 2. Pumps 3. Compressors 4. Auxiliary Systems 5. Reliability Optimization thru Component Condition Monitoring and Root Cause Analysis * A distillation of many years of on-site training by a well-known US Engineer who also operates in the Middle East. * A Practical book written in a succinct style and well illustrated throughout. * An overview of the main types of rotating machinery in industry.