Mechanical Fault Diagnosis and condition monitoring


Book Description

Although the most sophisticated fault diagnosis and condition monitoring systems have their origin in the aerospace and nuclear energy industries, their use is by no means restricted to such areas of 'high technology'. Modern machinery in most industrial plants is now so complex and expensive that mechanics find it increas ingly difficult to detect failure by, for instance, recognising changes in sound 'signatures', and few plants can afford the luxury of regular 'stripping down'. Increasingly, therefore, eady-warning devices are being employed in an effort to prevent catastrophic breakdown. This book provides the first co-ordinated compilation of fault diagnosis and con dition monitoring devices. It proceeds in three logical steps. The eady chapters deal with those conditions which contribute to deterioration and the consequent likely development of faults. The middle part of the book considers the various tech niques of monitoring and discusses the criteria for their selection in different situ ations. The final chapters provide a guide to the interpretation of the information signals deriving from monitoring, relating to reliability science and the mathematics of probability, and thus providing decision data on which management can act.




Real-time Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Gear Train Systems Using Instantaneous Angular Speed (IAS) Analysis


Book Description

This dissertation presents a reliable technique for monitoring the condition of rotating machinery by applying instantaneous angular speed (IAS) analysis. A new analysis of the effects of changes in the orientation of the line of action and the pressure angle of the resultant force acting on gear tooth profile of spur gear under different levels of tooth damage is utilized. The analysis and experimental work discussed in this dissertation provide a clear understating of the effects of damage on the IAS by analyzing the digital signals output of rotary incremental optical encoder. A comprehensive literature review of state of the knowledge in condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of rotating machinery, including gearbox system is presented. Progress and new developments over the past 30 years in failure detection techniques of rotating machinery including engines, bearings and gearboxes are thoroughly reviewed. This work is limited to the analysis of a gear train system with gear tooth surface faults utilizing angular motion analysis technique. Angular motion data were acquired using an incremental optical encoder. Results are compared to a vibration-based technique. The vibration data were acquired using an accelerometer. The signals were obtained and analyzed in the phase domains using signal averaging to determine the existence and position of faults on the gear train system. Forces between the mating teeth surfaces are analyzed and simulated to validate the influence of the presence of damage on the pressure angle and the IAS. National Instruments hardware is used and NI LabVIEW software code is developed for real-time, online condition monitoring systems and fault detection techniques. The sensitivity of optical encoders to gear fault detection techniques is experimentally investigated by applying IAS analysis under different gear damage levels and different operating conditions. A reliable methodology is developed for selecting appropriate testing/operating conditions of a rotating system to generate an alarm system for damage detection.




Condition Monitoring with Vibration Signals


Book Description

Provides an extensive, up-to-date treatment of techniques used for machine condition monitoring Clear and concise throughout, this accessible book is the first to be wholly devoted to the field of condition monitoring for rotating machines using vibration signals. It covers various feature extraction, feature selection, and classification methods as well as their applications to machine vibration datasets. It also presents new methods including machine learning and compressive sampling, which help to improve safety, reliability, and performance. Condition Monitoring with Vibration Signals: Compressive Sampling and Learning Algorithms for Rotating Machines starts by introducing readers to Vibration Analysis Techniques and Machine Condition Monitoring (MCM). It then offers readers sections covering: Rotating Machine Condition Monitoring using Learning Algorithms; Classification Algorithms; and New Fault Diagnosis Frameworks designed for MCM. Readers will learn signal processing in the time-frequency domain, methods for linear subspace learning, and the basic principles of the learning method Artificial Neural Network (ANN). They will also discover recent trends of deep learning in the field of machine condition monitoring, new feature learning frameworks based on compressive sampling, subspace learning techniques for machine condition monitoring, and much more. Covers the fundamental as well as the state-of-the-art approaches to machine condition monitoringguiding readers from the basics of rotating machines to the generation of knowledge using vibration signals Provides new methods, including machine learning and compressive sampling, which offer significant improvements in accuracy with reduced computational costs Features learning algorithms that can be used for fault diagnosis and prognosis Includes previously and recently developed dimensionality reduction techniques and classification algorithms Condition Monitoring with Vibration Signals: Compressive Sampling and Learning Algorithms for Rotating Machines is an excellent book for research students, postgraduate students, industrial practitioners, and researchers.







Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics of Machines. General Guidelines


Book Description

Operating conditions, Diagnostic testing, Mechanically-operated devices, Performance, Reliability, Failure (mechanical), Measurement, Data acquisition, Data processing, Maintenance, Electric machines, Rotary engines, Pumps, Mechanical measurement, Vibration measurement




Automated Fault Diagnosis in Rotating Machinery


Book Description

Rotating machinery are an important part of industrial equipment. Their components are subjected to harsh operating environments, and hence experience significant wear and tear. It is necessary that they function efficiently all the time in order to avoid significant monetary losses and down-time. Monitoring the health of such machinery components has become an essential part in many industries to ensure their continuous operation and avoiding loss in productivity. Traditionally, signal processing methods have been employed to analyze the vibration signals emitted from rotating machines. With time, the complexity of machinery components has increased, which makes the process of condition monitoring complex and time consuming, and consequently costly. Hence, a paradigm shift in condition monitoring methods towards data-driven approaches has recently taken place towards reducing complexity in estimation, where the monitoring of machinery is focused on purely data-driven methods. In this thesis, a novel data-driven framework to condition monitoring of gearbox is studied and illustrated using simulated and experimental vibration signals. This involves analyzing the signal, deriving feature sets and using machine learning algorithms to discern the condition of machinery. The algorithm is implemented on data from a drivetrain dynamics simulator (DDS), equipment designed by Spectraquest Inc. for academic and industrial research purposes. Datasets from pristine state and faulty gearboxes are collected and the algorithms are tested against this data. This framework has been developed to facilitate automated monitoring of machinery in industries, thus reducing the need for manual supervision and interpretation.




Intelligence Revolution 1960


Book Description

Overview: Provides a history of the Corona Satellite photo reconnaissance Program. It was a joint Central Intelligence Agency and United States Air Force program in the 1960s. It was then highly classified.




A Historical Review and Analysis of Army Physical Readiness Training and Assessment


Book Description

"The Drillmaster of Valley Forge-Baron Von Steuben-correctly noted in his "Blue Book" how physical conditioning and health (which he found woefully missing when he joined Washington's camp) would always be directly linked to individual and unit discipline, courage in the fight, and victory on the battlefield. That remains true today. Even an amateur historian, choosing any study on the performance of units in combat, quickly discovers how the levels of conditioning and physical performance of Soldiers is directly proportional to success or failure in the field. In this monograph, Dr. Whitfield "Chip" East provides a pragmatic history of physical readiness training in our Army. He tells us we initially mirrored the professional Armies of Europe as they prepared their forces for war on the continent. Then he introduces us to some master trainers, and shows us how they initiated an American brand of physical conditioning when our forces were found lacking in the early wars of the last century. Finally, he shows us how we have and must incorporate science (even when there exists considerable debate!) to contribute to what we do-and how we do it-in shaping today's Army. Dr. East provides the history, the analysis, and the pragmatism, and all of it is geared to understanding how our Army has and must train Soldiers for the physical demands of combat. Our culture is becoming increasingly ''unfit," due to poor nutrition, a lack of adequate and formal exercise, and too much technology. Still, the Soldiers who come to our Army from our society will be asked to fight in increasingly complex and demanding conflicts, and they must be prepared through new, unique, and scientifically based techniques. So while Dr. East's monograph is a fascinating history, it is also a required call for all leaders to better understand the science and the art of physical preparation for the battlefield. It was and is important for us to get this area of training right, because getting it right means a better chance for success in combat.




Principles of Environmental Physics


Book Description

Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of a highly successful textbook.