Ecological Economic and Socio Ecological Strategies for Forest Conservation


Book Description

This book proposes strategies for improving the resilience and conservation of temperate forests in South America, such that these forests can provide ecosystem services in a sustainable way. As such it contributes to the design of a resilient human-forest model that takes into account the multiculturalism of local communities, in many cases including aspects of ecological economics, development economics and territorial development planning that are related to indigenous peoples or first nations. Further, it provides proposals for public and territorial policies that improve the state of conservation of native forests and forest ecosystems, based on a critical analysis of the economic factors that lead to the degradation of forest ecosystems in South America today. This edition was conceived by members of the Transdisciplinary Research Center for Social and Ecological Strategies for Sustainable Forest Management in South America at the Universidad Austral de Chile. It includes contributions by distinguished researchers from around the world, combining the fields of economics, ecology, biology, anthropology, sociology and statistics. It is not, however, simply a collection of works written by authors from different disciplines, but rather each chapter is in itself transdisciplinary. This approach makes the book a unique contribution to enhancing social, managerial and political approaches to forestry management, helping to protect forest ecosystem services and make them more sustainable. This, in turn, will benefit local communities and society as a whole, by reducing the negative externalities of forestry management and enhancing future opportunities.




Analysis of PADDD: an environmental econometric application


Book Description

The environment has always been a great source of raw material for humanity, whether this matter is of plant, animal, or mineral origin. The vast majority of needs are met through factor-factor and factor-product correlations, which indicate in their genesis the nature of economic development. However, numerous scientific works, especially those produced by scholars of the economic sciences, demonstrate that some resources made available by nature are finite, and it should therefore be sought to develop strategic measures so that their use occurs in the most rational way possible. Among these strategies is, since the 1970s, the creation and dissemination of so-called "protected areas", whose main scope is the preservation of the environment for future generations.





Book Description




OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Brazil 2015


Book Description

This report is the first OECD review of Brazil’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and protected areas.







Growing and Eating Sustainably


Book Description

The industrial food system, from production to consumption and waste, is a major contributor to environmental, social and economic problems. A few powerful multinational corporations have consolidated control of agricultural markets and wealth while many farmers struggle to make a living and millions of people go hungry every day. Consumer access to healthy and culturally appropriate food remains largely an option for only those who can afford it. Responding to these destructive practices, global agrarian movements are calling for a transition to agroecology. Agroecological farming follows ecological principles for growing food in a way that respects diverse sociocultural contexts, connects urban eaters and rural growers and attends to power dynamics. Growing and Eating Sustainably shines light on the process of agroecological transition by showcasing the experiences of growers and eaters in southern Brazil, a country where agrarian movements have long been at the forefront of pushing for more sustainable and just food systems. Through stories and photographs of people, landscapes, farms and farming practices, and urban spaces, this book communicates how to advance systems-level agroecological transitions by linking rural and urban areas and connecting diverse agroecological experiences.







Sociedades Caboclas Amazônicas


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Legal report on the ecosystem approach to fisheries in Guinea-Bissau


Book Description

Legislating for the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of the EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, inter-sectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement, among others. To assess how the EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed A diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks. The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy and legal instruments of Guinea-Bissau with the EAF. This assessment analysed the extent to which 82 EAF legal requirements, which are considered the minimum standards in legislating for the EAF, are reflected in Guinea-Bissau's policies and legislation relevant to the fisheries sector of the country and other relevant sectors (such as environment, wildlife, ecosystems, and maritime affairs). Based on this preliminary diagnosis, gaps were identified in the assessed instruments, and recommendations were made for improving the implementation of the EAF This report was elaborated following a participatory approach with the involvement of the national competent authorities of Guinea-Bissau. Drafted in July 2021, the report was submitted to the national authorities of Guinea-Bissau in October 2021. The Ministry of Fisheries, through its Secretary-General and Legal Office, endorsed this EAF Legal Report of Guinea-Bissau in July 2022.




Cotas de reserva ambiental no novo código florestal Brasileiro: Uma avaliação ex-ante


Book Description

O Código Florestal do Brasil (FC) requer que todas as propriedades privadas rurais mantenham uma proporção fixa da sua área em vegetação natural como uma “reserva legal” cujas proporções são diferenciadas por bioma. Os proprietários de terra têm muitas vezes ignoradas a lei. Atingir seu pleno cumprimento exigiria uma restauração cara em áreas convertidas para outros usos. Mudanças recentes no FC preveem que os proprietários possam “compensar” a sua escassez de reserva legal através da compra de excedentes existentes ou restaurações obrigatórias em outras propriedades. Este artigo discute questões políticas críticas a respeito de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental (CRA). Examinamos a eficácia ambiental relativa da CRA, a sua eficiência na utilização dos recursos e a sua justiça social, bem como potenciais problemas de implementação. Permitindo a compensação com base na conservação fora do local pode permitir atividades agropecuárias mais eficientes e menos fragmentadas, bem como a conservação das florestas, em comparação com a proposição de conservaçãopadronizada proporcionalmente. A CRA, como uma opção para a compensação, possui grande apelo intuitivo, embora persistem controvérsias em relação a sua implementação. Neste artigo revisamos a experiência internacional com instrumentos econômicos semelhantes, bem como estudos brasileiros que simulam os potenciais resultados da CRA. Entrevistas com os principais atores a respeito do instrumento complementam a revisão da literatura. Terminamos com uma avaliação sintética das implicações dos nossos resultados para a implementação da política.