Critical Infrastructure Protection


Book Description

Pervasive and sustained computer-based attacks pose a potentially devastating impact to systems and operations and the critical infrastructures they support. Addressing these threats depends on effective partnerships between the government and private sector owners and operators of critical infrastructure. Federal policy, including the Department of Homeland Securitys (DHS) National Infrastructure Protection Plan, calls for a partnership model that includes public and private councils to coordinate policy and information sharing and analysis centers to gather and disseminate information on threats to physical and cyber-related infrastructure. GAO was asked to determine (1) private sector stakeholders expectations for cyber-related, public-private partnerships and to what extent these expectations are being met and (2) public sector stakeholders expectations for cyber-related, public-private partnerships and to what extent these expectations are being met. To do this, GAO conducted surveys and interviews of public and private sector officials and analyzed relevant policies and other documents.Private sector stakeholders reported that they expect their federal partners to provide usable, timely, and actionable cyber threat information and alerts; access to sensitive or classified information; a secure mechanism for sharing information; security clearances; and a single centralized government cybersecurity organization to coordinate government efforts. However, according to private sector stakeholders, federal partners are not consistently meeting these expectations. For example, less than one-third of private sector respondents reported that they were receiving actionable cyber threat information and alerts to a great or moderate extent. (See table below.) Federal partners are taking steps that may address the key expectations of the private sector, including developing new information-sharing arrangements. However, while the ongoing efforts may address the public sectors ability to meet the private sectors expectations, much work remains to fully implement improved information sharing.Private Sector Expected Services and the Extent to Which They Are MetServicesGreatly or moderately expectedGreatly or moderately receivedTimely and actionable cyber threat information98%27%Timely and actionable cyber alerts96%27%Access to actionable classified or sensitive information (such as intelligence and law enforcement information)87%16%A secure information-sharing mechanism78%21%Source: GAO analysis based on survey data of 56 private sector respondents.Public sector stakeholders reported that they expect the private sector to provide a commitment to execute plans and recommendations, timely and actionable cyber threat information and alerts, and appropriate staff and resources. Four of the five public sector councils that GAO held structured interviews with reported that their respective private sector partners are committed to executing plans and recommendations and providing timely and actionable information. However, public sector council officials stated that improvements could be made to the partnership, including improving private sector sharing of sensitive information. Some private sector stakeholders do not want to share their proprietary information with the federal government for fear of public disclosure and potential loss of market share, among other reasons.Without improvements in meeting private and public sector expectations, the partnerships will remain less than optimal, and there is a risk that owners of critical infrastructure will not have the information necessary to thwart cyber attacks that could have catastrophic effects on our nations cyber-reliant critical infrastructure.







Critical Infrastructure Protection


Book Description

Critical Infrastructure Protection: Key Private and Public Cyber Expectations Need to Be Consistently Addressed




U.S. Preparedness for Catastrophic Attacks


Book Description

Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a hardbound series that provides primary-source documents and expert commentary on the worldwide counter-terrorism effort. Volume 120, U.S. Preparedness for Catastrophic Attacks, discusses the critical topic of U.S. preparedness for catastrophic events. Doug Lovelace introduces documents that will inform researchers and practitioners of international law and national security about the ability of the United States to prevent and deter a catastrophic attack, as well as to mitigate and cope with the effects of such an attack.







Splinternet


Book Description

“This is not your ordinary history of the Internet. Scott Malcomson has brilliantly extended the connections between Silicon Valley and the military back far beyond DARPA—back, in fact, to World War I. If you want to understand the conflict between cyberspace utopians and the states and corporations who seek to dominate our virtual lives, you’ve got to read this book.” —James Ledbetter, editor, Inc. Magazine “In elegant prose powered by deep research—and with a surprisingly vivid cast of characters—Scott Malcomson shows how profound the relationship is between the state and the Internet. As major powers try to assert control over the Web, Splinternet illuminates both how we got to this point and how to move forward.” —Parag Khanna, global contributor, CNN, and author of Connectography: Mapping the Future of Global Civilization There’s always been something universalizing about the Internet. The World Wide Web has seemed both inherently singular and global, a sort of ethereal United Nations. But today, as Scott Malcomson contends in this concise, brilliant investigation, the Internet is cracking apart into discrete groups no longer willing, or able, to connect. The implications of this shift are momentous. Malcomson traces the way the Internet has been shaped by government needs since the 19th century—above all, the demands of the US military and intelligence services. From World War I cryptography and spying to weapons targeting against Hitler and then Stalin, the monolithic aspect of the digital network was largely determined by its genesis in a single, state-sponsored institution. In the 1960s, internationalism and openness were introduced by the tech pioneers of California’s counter-culture, the seed bed for what became Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Apple. But in the last 15 years, security concerns of states and the privatizing impetus of e-commerce have come to the fore and momentum has shifted in a new direction, towards private, walled domains, each vying with the other in an increasingly fragmented system, in effect a “Splinternet.” Because the Internet today surrounds us so comprehensively, it’s easy to regard the way it functions as a simple given, part of the natural order of things. Only by stepping back and scrutinizing the evolution of the system can we see the Internet for what it is—a contested, protean terrain, constantly evolving as different forces intervene to drive it forward. In that vital exercise, Malcomson’s elegant, erudite account will prove invaluable.







Cyber Threat Intelligence


Book Description

CYBER THREAT INTELLIGENCE "Martin takes a thorough and focused approach to the processes that rule threat intelligence, but he doesn't just cover gathering, processing and distributing intelligence. He explains why you should care who is trying to hack you, and what you can do about it when you know." —Simon Edwards, Security Testing Expert, CEO SE Labs Ltd., Chair AMTSO Effective introduction to cyber threat intelligence, supplemented with detailed case studies and after action reports of intelligence on real attacks Cyber Threat Intelligence introduces the history, terminology, and techniques to be applied within cyber security, offering an overview of the current state of cyberattacks and stimulating readers to consider their own issues from a threat intelligence point of view. The author takes a systematic, system-agnostic, and holistic view to generating, collecting, and applying threat intelligence. The text covers the threat environment, malicious attacks, collecting, generating, and applying intelligence and attribution, as well as legal and ethical considerations. It ensures readers know what to look out for when considering a potential cyber attack and imparts how to prevent attacks early on, explaining how threat actors can exploit a system's vulnerabilities. It also includes analysis of large scale attacks such as WannaCry, NotPetya, Solar Winds, VPNFilter, and the Target breach, looking at the real intelligence that was available before and after the attack. Topics covered in Cyber Threat Intelligence include: The constant change of the threat environment as capabilities, intent, opportunities, and defenses change and evolve Different business models of threat actors, and how these dictate the choice of victims and the nature of their attacks Planning and executing a threat intelligence programme to improve an organistation’s cyber security posture Techniques for attributing attacks and holding perpetrators to account for their actions Cyber Threat Intelligence describes the intelligence techniques and models used in cyber threat intelligence. It provides a survey of ideas, views and concepts, rather than offering a hands-on practical guide. It is intended for anyone who wishes to learn more about the domain, particularly if they wish to develop a career in intelligence, and as a reference for those already working in the area. Reviews: I really enjoyed this engaging book, which beautifully answered one of the first questions I had coming into the profession of cyber security: 'What is Cyber Threat Intelligence?' It progressively walked me through the world of cyber threat intelligence, peppered with rich content collected through years' of experience and knowledge. It is satisfyingly detailed to make it an interesting read for those already in cyber security wanting to learn more, but also caters to those who are just curious about the prevalent cyber threat and where it may be headed. One of the takeaways from this book for me is how finding threats is not the most important thing but how the effective communication of it is equally important so that it triggers appropriate actions at appropriate timing. Moreover, as a penetration tester, we are used to looking at the little details so it was refreshing and eye-opening to learn about the macro view on cyber threat landscape. Ryoko Amano, Penetration Tester Cyber threats are a constant danger for companies in the private sector, which makes cyber threat intelligence an increasingly crucial tool for identifying security risks, developing proactive strategies, and responding swiftly to attacks. Martin Lee's new book is a comprehensive guide that takes the mystery out of using threat intelligence to strengthen a company's cyber defence. With a clear and concise explanation of the basics of threat intelligence, Martin provides a full picture of what's available and how to use it. Moreover, his book is packed with useful references and resources that will be invaluable for threat intelligence teams. Whether you're just starting in cybersecurity or a seasoned professional, this book is a must-have reference guide that will enhance your detection and mitigation of cyber threats. Gavin Reid, CISO VP Threat Intelligence at Human Security Martin Lee blends cyber threats, intel collection, attribution, and respective case studies in a compelling narrative. Lee does an excellent job of explaining complex concepts in a manner that is accessible to anyone wanting to develop a career in intelligence. What sets this book apart is the author's ability to collect related fundamentals and applications described in a pragmatic manner. Understandably, the book's challenge is non-disclosure of sensitive operational information. This is an excellent reference that I would highly recommend to cyber security professionals and academics wanting to deepen their domain expertise and broaden current knowledge. Threats indeed evolve and we must too. Dr Roland Padilla, FACS CP (Cyber Security), Senior Cyber Security Advisor - Defence Program (CISCO Systems), Army Officer (AUS DoD) An interesting and valuable contribution to the literature supporting the development of cyber security professional practice. This well researched and thoroughly referenced book provides both practitioners and those studying cyber threats with a sound basis for understanding the threat environment and the intelligence cycle required to understand and interpret existing and emerging threats. It is supported by relevant case studies of cyber security incidents enabling readers to contextualise the relationship between threat intelligence and incident response. Hugh Boyes, University of Warwick A valuable resource for anyone within the cyber security industry. It breaks down the concepts behind building an effective cyber threat intelligence practice by not only explaining the practical elements to gathering and sharing intelligence data, but the fundamentals behind why it’s important and how to assess the usefulness of it. By also providing a detailed history of intelligence sharing across the ages with a rich set of examples, Martin is able to show the value of developing this side of cyber security that is often neglected. This book is equally accessible to those beginning their careers in cyber security as well as to those who have been in the industry for some time and wish to have a comprehensive reference. Stephan Freeman, Director, Axcelot Ltd This book is a wonderful read; what most impressed me was Martin's ability to provide a succinct history of threat intelligence in a coherent, easy to read manner. Citing numerous examples throughout the book, Martin allows the reader to understand what threat intelligence encompasses and provides guidance on industry best practices and insight into emerging threats which every organisation should be aware of. An incumbent read for any cybersecurity professional! Yusuf Khan, Technical Solutions Specialist - Cybersecurity, Cisco "I really enjoyed this engaging book, which beautifully answered one of the first questions I had coming into the profession of cyber security: 'What is Cyber Threat Intelligence?' It progressively walked me through the world of cyber threat intelligence, peppered with rich content collected through years' of experience and knowledge. It is satisfyingly detailed to make it an interesting read for those already in cyber security wanting to learn more, but also caters to those who are just curious about the prevalent cyber threat and where it may be headed. One of the takeaways from this book for me is how finding threats is not the most important thing but how the effective communication of it is equally important so that it triggers appropriate actions at appropriate timing. Moreover, as a penetration tester, we are used to looking at the little details so it was refreshing and eye-opening to learn about the macro view on cyber threat landscape." —Ryoko Amano, Penetration Tester "Cyber threats are a constant danger for companies in the private sector, which makes cyber threat intelligence an increasingly crucial tool for identifying security risks, developing proactive strategies, and responding swiftly to attacks. Martin Lee's new book is a comprehensive guide that takes the mystery out of using threat intelligence to strengthen a company's cyber defence. With a clear and concise explanation of the basics of threat intelligence, Martin provides a full picture of what's available and how to use it. Moreover, his book is packed with useful references and resources that will be invaluable for threat intelligence teams. Whether you're just starting in cybersecurity or a seasoned professional, this book is a must-have reference guide that will enhance your detection and mitigation of cyber threats." —Gavin Reid, CISO VP Threat Intelligence at Human Security