Cultural Distance in International Ventures


Book Description

This book uses the concepts of both cultural and psychic distance to analyse managers’ perceptions in international business settings, with a specific focus on European and Chinese ventures in the green technology industry. The key concept of ‘distance’ refers to the variations of cultures, languages, business practices, policies and regulations that distinguish different countries. Offering empirical case studies and theoretical refinements on how scholars can conceptualise and operationalise the psychic distance construct, the authors provide a comprehensive examination of European foreign direct investment (FDI) to China and Chinese FDI to Europe. Contributing to the Marie Curie scheme, Partnering Opportunities between Europe and China in the Renewable Energy and Environmental iNdustries (POREEN), this book is an invaluable read for managers and practitioners.




Cultural Distance and the Performance of International Joint Venture


Book Description

Project Report from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, University of Bedfordshire, course: International Business & Management, language: English, abstract: In the Global Market, Internarional Joint Ventures (IJV) are becoming prevalent phenomeno and many multination companies have managed to experience considerable growth by making alliances (such as Joint Ventures). There are several factors which needed to be controlled carefully, otherwise it would be resulted in weaken the performance of the specified IJV. It has been estimated that about 37-70 percent of IJV are reported to experience the performance problems incurred due to the cultural differences and thus leaded the specified ventures towards the costly Culpan (2002) explained International Joint Venture (IJV) as the process which includes two or more companiess belong to different countries to collaborate together.The decision to decide wheather or not to make a joint ventures included four different stages (Initial, Formation, Operation & Outcome). There are two kinds of cultures which directly makes an impact on the Joint Venture. The first one is the organisational culture and the second type of culture is the national culture. Pothukuchi, et al. (2002) stated that the problem arises in IJV is because of significant Impact of the national culture upon the behavioral and management system which then directed towards conflicts. Same case is observed in the organisational culture as well where any differnece or dispute can cause conflict and also can destablise the Joint Venture’s performance or progress. The case study of Sony Ericsson also fallows the same approach of the Joint Venture as it was collaboration between two multinational companies (Sony & Ericsson) who were coming together with intention of single corporate which could not be possible for both companies to accomplish on the individual basis. It has been found out that the organisational cultural difference has negative impact on the performance of the International Joint Ventures (IJV). On the other hand, national cultural difference can pose either positive or negative impact but the intensity of that difference is not much aggressive. The emphasis of companies engaged in International Joint Venture on the factors which would be resulted in overcoming national cultural difference problems and also on developing the management which would be acceptable for both partners to adopt and implement could contribute extensively to the success of International Joint Ventures.




The Regional Multinationals


Book Description

Although many firms label themselves 'global', very few can back this up with truly global sales and operations. In The Regional Multinationals Alan Rugman examines first-hand data from multinationals and finds that most multinationals are strongly regional, with international operations in their home regions of North America, the US or Asia. Only a tiny proportion of the world's top 500 companies actually sell the same product and deliver the same services around the world. Rugman exposes the facts behind the popular myths of doing business globally, explores a variety of regional models and offers an authoritative agenda for future business strategy. The Regional Multinationals is the essential resource for all academics and students in International Business, Organization and Strategic Management, as well as those with an interest in finding out how multinationals really work in practice and how future strategy must respond.




Cultural Distance and Cross Border Strategic Alliances


Book Description

Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, University of Bedfordshire, course: MSc International Business & Management, language: English, abstract: In the environment of Global Markets, the concept of International Joint Ventures (IJV) is appearing as a common phenomenon and there is a huge number of corporations who are successful in experiencing considerable growth and expansion through this strategic form of alliances. This report is made in accordance with context of cultural differences in an approach to investigate the phenomenon that to measure the degree of influence of cultural differences on the performance of International Joint Venture (IJV) at both context (National Level Culture & Organisational Level Culture). Cuplan (2002) described International Joint Venture as a process which involves the inclusion of two or more companies from different countries who come together on the single platform with the intension of contributing each other resources and capabilities in creating a separate Business Unit. The process involved in this strategic alliance can be evaluated and analysed through various ways but the best approach is Culpan (2002) approach, this approach viewed each stage from the context of decision making involved in it. From the perspective of this appropriate approach the process of International Joint Venture (IJV) is made up of four different phases (Initial, Formation, Operation and Outcome). The Joint Venture named Alcatel-TCL was also made with the intension of becoming Global Leader in the mobile handset manufacturing. The focus was more on the two aspects (Design and Technology). Moreover, the secondary focus was on the integration of four components (Development Targets, Management System, and Operational Decisions & Staff Treatment). But, after 8 months (17-May-2005) the Joint Ventured was dissolved and both companies had decided to carry on their operations on the Individual basis. Generally it has been realised that the cultural distance existed at the organisational level was the prominent cause of given Joint Venture dissolution. And within the organisational context, the difference existed among both companies in term of open vs. Closed system orientation was the only factor which made difficult for the Alcatel-TCL to sustain for a long period of time.




Distance in International Business


Book Description

The twelfth volume in the Progress in International Business Research series presents extensive accounts of the contemporary scientific debate on how to assess the impacts of distance, both negative and positive ones, on the conduct of international business.




Distance in International Business


Book Description

The twelfth volume in the Progress in International Business Research series presents extensive accounts of the contemporary scientific debate on how to assess the impacts of distance, both negative and positive ones, on the conduct of international business.




Strategic Management (color)


Book Description

Strategic Management (2020) is a 325-page open educational resource designed as an introduction to the key topics and themes of strategic management. The open textbook is intended for a senior capstone course in an undergraduate business program and suitable for a wide range of undergraduate business students including those majoring in marketing, management, business administration, accounting, finance, real estate, business information technology, and hospitality and tourism. The text presents examples of familiar companies and personalities to illustrate the different strategies used by today's firms and how they go about implementing those strategies. It includes case studies, end of section key takeaways, exercises, and links to external videos, and an end-of-book glossary. The text is ideal for courses which focus on how organizations operate at the strategic level to be successful. Students will learn how to conduct case analyses, measure organizational performance, and conduct external and internal analyses.







Evaluation of Distance Measures in International Management Research


Book Description

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2.0, University of Tubingen (Department of International Business), language: English, abstract: This paper’s purpose is to give an overview of how distance in management research is measured and to overview the strong critique the corresponding measures have to face. The paper’s investigation brought several findings: firstly that frameworks in which distance constructs develop are too wide in their definition and that these frameworks are insufficiently connected to each other what impedes the improvement of the strong criticised but in management research essential constructs. Secondly the paper illustrates the widespread disagreement among researchers and literature. The paper gives suggestions how distance measures could be improved and contributes to a more "outside of the box thinking" by considering the whole distance construct. Furthermore it helps to build unbiased opinions of the thematic by not taking a side or giving suggestions whether on construct is superior towards another. Due to rising internationalization of businesses and the circumstance of having business partners, suppliers and clients placed all around the world, companies are fronting challenges like diversities in lifestyles, languages, cultural values and norms, consumer preferences and buying power. So it is not surprising that these differences or distances became an increasingly important topic in international management research. Distance aspects are important for companies in evaluating and improving their international strategies in nearly every field of business, especially when it comes to expansions in foreign investments through direct investments, international transactions and joint ventures. In purpose to be able to identify the extent of difference between countries, that Hymer called "liability of foreignness", management scholars evolved a broad range of quantitative and qualitative distance measures based on different assumptions and methods. But although the concepts play an important role in international management research and although they are widely used in international business practice to support or to improve companies’ decision-making process, they face strong criticism and contradiction.




The Laws of Globalization and Business Applications


Book Description

This book explains not only why the world isn't flat but also the patterns that govern cross-border interactions.